diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 103a53c..eccf814 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -12,106 +12,47 @@
[](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/releases)
[](https://www.tickgit.com/browse?repo=github.com/gin-gonic/gin)
-Gin is a web framework written in Go (Golang). It features a martini-like API with performance that is up to 40 times faster thanks to [httprouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter). If you need performance and good productivity, you will love Gin.
+Gin is a web framework written in [Go](https://go.dev/). It features a martini-like API with performance that is up to 40 times faster thanks to [httprouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter). If you need performance and good productivity, you will love Gin.
-## Contents
+**The key features of Gin are:**
-- [Gin Web Framework](#gin-web-framework)
- - [Contents](#contents)
- - [Installation](#installation)
- - [Quick start](#quick-start)
- - [Benchmarks](#benchmarks)
- - [Gin v1. stable](#gin-v1-stable)
- - [Build with json replacement](#build-with-json-replacement)
- - [Build without `MsgPack` rendering feature](#build-without-msgpack-rendering-feature)
- - [API Examples](#api-examples)
- - [Using GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE and OPTIONS](#using-get-post-put-patch-delete-and-options)
- - [Parameters in path](#parameters-in-path)
- - [Querystring parameters](#querystring-parameters)
- - [Multipart/Urlencoded Form](#multiparturlencoded-form)
- - [Another example: query + post form](#another-example-query--post-form)
- - [Map as querystring or postform parameters](#map-as-querystring-or-postform-parameters)
- - [Upload files](#upload-files)
- - [Single file](#single-file)
- - [Multiple files](#multiple-files)
- - [Grouping routes](#grouping-routes)
- - [Blank Gin without middleware by default](#blank-gin-without-middleware-by-default)
- - [Using middleware](#using-middleware)
- - [Custom Recovery behavior](#custom-recovery-behavior)
- - [How to write log file](#how-to-write-log-file)
- - [Custom Log Format](#custom-log-format)
- - [Controlling Log output coloring](#controlling-log-output-coloring)
- - [Model binding and validation](#model-binding-and-validation)
- - [Custom Validators](#custom-validators)
- - [Only Bind Query String](#only-bind-query-string)
- - [Bind Query String or Post Data](#bind-query-string-or-post-data)
- - [Bind Uri](#bind-uri)
- - [Bind Header](#bind-header)
- - [Bind HTML checkboxes](#bind-html-checkboxes)
- - [Multipart/Urlencoded binding](#multiparturlencoded-binding)
- - [XML, JSON, YAML, TOML and ProtoBuf rendering](#xml-json-yaml-toml-and-protobuf-rendering)
- - [SecureJSON](#securejson)
- - [JSONP](#jsonp)
- - [AsciiJSON](#asciijson)
- - [PureJSON](#purejson)
- - [Serving static files](#serving-static-files)
- - [Serving data from file](#serving-data-from-file)
- - [Serving data from reader](#serving-data-from-reader)
- - [HTML rendering](#html-rendering)
- - [Custom Template renderer](#custom-template-renderer)
- - [Custom Delimiters](#custom-delimiters)
- - [Custom Template Funcs](#custom-template-funcs)
- - [Multitemplate](#multitemplate)
- - [Redirects](#redirects)
- - [Custom Middleware](#custom-middleware)
- - [Using BasicAuth() middleware](#using-basicauth-middleware)
- - [Goroutines inside a middleware](#goroutines-inside-a-middleware)
- - [Custom HTTP configuration](#custom-http-configuration)
- - [Support Let's Encrypt](#support-lets-encrypt)
- - [Run multiple service using Gin](#run-multiple-service-using-gin)
- - [Graceful shutdown or restart](#graceful-shutdown-or-restart)
- - [Third-party packages](#third-party-packages)
- - [Manually](#manually)
- - [Build a single binary with templates](#build-a-single-binary-with-templates)
- - [Bind form-data request with custom struct](#bind-form-data-request-with-custom-struct)
- - [Try to bind body into different structs](#try-to-bind-body-into-different-structs)
- - [Bind form-data request with custom struct and custom tag](#bind-form-data-request-with-custom-struct-and-custom-tag)
- - [http2 server push](#http2-server-push)
- - [Define format for the log of routes](#define-format-for-the-log-of-routes)
- - [Set and get a cookie](#set-and-get-a-cookie)
- - [Don't trust all proxies](#dont-trust-all-proxies)
- - [Testing](#testing)
- - [Users](#users)
+- Zero allocation router
+- Fast
+- Middleware support
+- Crash-free
+- JSON validation
+- Routes grouping
+- Error management
+- Rendering built-in
+- Extendable
-## Installation
-To install Gin package, you need to install Go and set your Go workspace first.
+## Getting started
-1. You first need [Go](https://go.dev/) installed (**version 1.16+ is required**), then you can use the below Go command to install Gin.
+### Prerequisites
+
+- **[Go](https://go.dev/)**: ~~any one of the **three latest major** [releases](https://go.dev/doc/devel/release)~~ (now version **1.16+** is required).
+
+### Getting Gin
+
+With [Go module](https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/Modules) support, simply add the following import
-```sh
-go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin
```
-
-2. Import it in your code:
-
-```go
import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
```
-3. (Optional) Import `net/http`. This is required for example if using constants such as `http.StatusOK`.
+to your code, and then `go [build|run|test]` will automatically fetch the necessary dependencies.
-```go
-import "net/http"
-```
-
-## Quick start
+Otherwise, run the following Go command to install the `gin` package:
```sh
-# assume the following codes in example.go file
-$ cat example.go
+$ go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin
```
+### Running Gin
+
+First you need to import Gin package for using Gin, one simplest example likes the follow `example.go`:
+
```go
package main
@@ -132,16 +73,48 @@ func main() {
}
```
+And use the Go command to run the demo:
+
```
-# run example.go and visit 0.0.0.0:8080/ping (for windows "localhost:8080/ping") on browser
+# run example.go and visit 0.0.0.0:8080/ping on browser
$ go run example.go
```
+### Learn more examples
+
+#### Quick Start
+
+Learn and practice more examples, please read the [Gin Quick Start](docs/doc.md) which includes API examples and builds tag.
+
+#### Examples
+
+A number of ready-to-run examples demonstrating various use cases of Gin on the [Gin examples](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples) repository.
+
+
+## Documentation
+
+See [API documentation and descriptions](https://godoc.org/github.com/gin-gonic/gin) for package.
+
+All documentation is available on the Gin website.
+
+- [English](https://gin-gonic.com/docs/)
+- [简体中文](https://gin-gonic.com/zh-cn/docs/)
+- [繁體中文](https://gin-gonic.com/zh-tw/docs/)
+- [日本語](https://gin-gonic.com/ja/docs/)
+- [Español](https://gin-gonic.com/es/docs/)
+- [한국어](https://gin-gonic.com/ko-kr/docs/)
+- [Turkish](https://gin-gonic.com/tr/docs/)
+- [Persian](https://gin-gonic.com/fa/docs/)
+
+### Articles about Gin
+
+A curated list of awesome Gin framework.
+
+- [Tutorial: Developing a RESTful API with Go and Gin](https://go.dev/doc/tutorial/web-service-gin)
+
## Benchmarks
-Gin uses a custom version of [HttpRouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter)
-
-[See all benchmarks](/BENCHMARKS.md)
+Gin uses a custom version of [HttpRouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter), [see all benchmarks details](/BENCHMARKS.md).
| Benchmark name | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
| ------------------------------ | ---------:| ---------------:| ------------:| ---------------:|
@@ -181,2193 +154,11 @@ Gin uses a custom version of [HttpRouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httpr
- (3): Heap Memory (B/op), lower is better
- (4): Average Allocations per Repetition (allocs/op), lower is better
-## Gin v1. stable
-- [x] Zero allocation router.
-- [x] Still the fastest http router and framework. From routing to writing.
-- [x] Complete suite of unit tests.
-- [x] Battle tested.
-- [x] API frozen, new releases will not break your code.
+## Middlewares
-## Build with json replacement
+You can find many useful Gin middlewares at [gin-contrib](https://github.com/gin-contrib).
-Gin uses `encoding/json` as default json package but you can change it by build from other tags.
-
-[jsoniter](https://github.com/json-iterator/go)
-
-```sh
-go build -tags=jsoniter .
-```
-
-[go-json](https://github.com/goccy/go-json)
-
-```sh
-go build -tags=go_json .
-```
-
-[sonic](https://github.com/bytedance/sonic) (you have to ensure that your cpu support avx instruction.)
-
-```sh
-$ go build -tags="sonic avx" .
-```
-
-## Build without `MsgPack` rendering feature
-
-Gin enables `MsgPack` rendering feature by default. But you can disable this feature by specifying `nomsgpack` build tag.
-
-```sh
-go build -tags=nomsgpack .
-```
-
-This is useful to reduce the binary size of executable files. See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/1852).
-
-## API Examples
-
-You can find a number of ready-to-run examples at [Gin examples repository](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples).
-
-### Using GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE and OPTIONS
-
-```go
-func main() {
- // Creates a gin router with default middleware:
- // logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
- router := gin.Default()
-
- router.GET("/someGet", getting)
- router.POST("/somePost", posting)
- router.PUT("/somePut", putting)
- router.DELETE("/someDelete", deleting)
- router.PATCH("/somePatch", patching)
- router.HEAD("/someHead", head)
- router.OPTIONS("/someOptions", options)
-
- // By default it serves on :8080 unless a
- // PORT environment variable was defined.
- router.Run()
- // router.Run(":3000") for a hard coded port
-}
-```
-
-### Parameters in path
-
-```go
-func main() {
- router := gin.Default()
-
- // This handler will match /user/john but will not match /user/ or /user
- router.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {
- name := c.Param("name")
- c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s", name)
- })
-
- // However, this one will match /user/john/ and also /user/john/send
- // If no other routers match /user/john, it will redirect to /user/john/
- router.GET("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
- name := c.Param("name")
- action := c.Param("action")
- message := name + " is " + action
- c.String(http.StatusOK, message)
- })
-
- // For each matched request Context will hold the route definition
- router.POST("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
- b := c.FullPath() == "/user/:name/*action" // true
- c.String(http.StatusOK, "%t", b)
- })
-
- // This handler will add a new router for /user/groups.
- // Exact routes are resolved before param routes, regardless of the order they were defined.
- // Routes starting with /user/groups are never interpreted as /user/:name/... routes
- router.GET("/user/groups", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.String(http.StatusOK, "The available groups are [...]")
- })
-
- router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Querystring parameters
-
-```go
-func main() {
- router := gin.Default()
-
- // Query string parameters are parsed using the existing underlying request object.
- // The request responds to an url matching: /welcome?firstname=Jane&lastname=Doe
- router.GET("/welcome", func(c *gin.Context) {
- firstname := c.DefaultQuery("firstname", "Guest")
- lastname := c.Query("lastname") // shortcut for c.Request.URL.Query().Get("lastname")
-
- c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s %s", firstname, lastname)
- })
- router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Multipart/Urlencoded Form
-
-```go
-func main() {
- router := gin.Default()
-
- router.POST("/form_post", func(c *gin.Context) {
- message := c.PostForm("message")
- nick := c.DefaultPostForm("nick", "anonymous")
-
- c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
- "status": "posted",
- "message": message,
- "nick": nick,
- })
- })
- router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Another example: query + post form
-
-```sh
-POST /post?id=1234&page=1 HTTP/1.1
-Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
-
-name=manu&message=this_is_great
-```
-
-```go
-func main() {
- router := gin.Default()
-
- router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {
-
- id := c.Query("id")
- page := c.DefaultQuery("page", "0")
- name := c.PostForm("name")
- message := c.PostForm("message")
-
- fmt.Printf("id: %s; page: %s; name: %s; message: %s", id, page, name, message)
- })
- router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-```sh
-id: 1234; page: 1; name: manu; message: this_is_great
-```
-
-### Map as querystring or postform parameters
-
-```sh
-POST /post?ids[a]=1234&ids[b]=hello HTTP/1.1
-Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
-
-names[first]=thinkerou&names[second]=tianou
-```
-
-```go
-func main() {
- router := gin.Default()
-
- router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {
-
- ids := c.QueryMap("ids")
- names := c.PostFormMap("names")
-
- fmt.Printf("ids: %v; names: %v", ids, names)
- })
- router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-```sh
-ids: map[b:hello a:1234]; names: map[second:tianou first:thinkerou]
-```
-
-### Upload files
-
-#### Single file
-
-References issue [#774](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/774) and detail [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/upload-file/single).
-
-`file.Filename` **SHOULD NOT** be trusted. See [`Content-Disposition` on MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Disposition#Directives) and [#1693](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/1693)
-
-> The filename is always optional and must not be used blindly by the application: path information should be stripped, and conversion to the server file system rules should be done.
-
-```go
-func main() {
- router := gin.Default()
- // Set a lower memory limit for multipart forms (default is 32 MiB)
- router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20 // 8 MiB
- router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
- // Single file
- file, _ := c.FormFile("file")
- log.Println(file.Filename)
-
- // Upload the file to specific dst.
- c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)
-
- c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("'%s' uploaded!", file.Filename))
- })
- router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-How to `curl`:
-
-```bash
-curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \
- -F "file=@/Users/appleboy/test.zip" \
- -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"
-```
-
-#### Multiple files
-
-See the detail [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/upload-file/multiple).
-
-```go
-func main() {
- router := gin.Default()
- // Set a lower memory limit for multipart forms (default is 32 MiB)
- router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20 // 8 MiB
- router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
- // Multipart form
- form, _ := c.MultipartForm()
- files := form.File["upload[]"]
-
- for _, file := range files {
- log.Println(file.Filename)
-
- // Upload the file to specific dst.
- c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)
- }
- c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("%d files uploaded!", len(files)))
- })
- router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-How to `curl`:
-
-```bash
-curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \
- -F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test1.zip" \
- -F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test2.zip" \
- -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"
-```
-
-### Grouping routes
-
-```go
-func main() {
- router := gin.Default()
-
- // Simple group: v1
- v1 := router.Group("/v1")
- {
- v1.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
- v1.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
- v1.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
- }
-
- // Simple group: v2
- v2 := router.Group("/v2")
- {
- v2.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
- v2.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
- v2.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
- }
-
- router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Blank Gin without middleware by default
-
-Use
-
-```go
-r := gin.New()
-```
-
-instead of
-
-```go
-// Default With the Logger and Recovery middleware already attached
-r := gin.Default()
-```
-
-### Using middleware
-
-```go
-func main() {
- // Creates a router without any middleware by default
- r := gin.New()
-
- // Global middleware
- // Logger middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter even if you set with GIN_MODE=release.
- // By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
- r.Use(gin.Logger())
-
- // Recovery middleware recovers from any panics and writes a 500 if there was one.
- r.Use(gin.Recovery())
-
- // Per route middleware, you can add as many as you desire.
- r.GET("/benchmark", MyBenchLogger(), benchEndpoint)
-
- // Authorization group
- // authorized := r.Group("/", AuthRequired())
- // exactly the same as:
- authorized := r.Group("/")
- // per group middleware! in this case we use the custom created
- // AuthRequired() middleware just in the "authorized" group.
- authorized.Use(AuthRequired())
- {
- authorized.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
- authorized.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
- authorized.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
-
- // nested group
- testing := authorized.Group("testing")
- // visit 0.0.0.0:8080/testing/analytics
- testing.GET("/analytics", analyticsEndpoint)
- }
-
- // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
- r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Custom Recovery behavior
-
-```go
-func main() {
- // Creates a router without any middleware by default
- r := gin.New()
-
- // Global middleware
- // Logger middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter even if you set with GIN_MODE=release.
- // By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
- r.Use(gin.Logger())
-
- // Recovery middleware recovers from any panics and writes a 500 if there was one.
- r.Use(gin.CustomRecovery(func(c *gin.Context, recovered interface{}) {
- if err, ok := recovered.(string); ok {
- c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, fmt.Sprintf("error: %s", err))
- }
- c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusInternalServerError)
- }))
-
- r.GET("/panic", func(c *gin.Context) {
- // panic with a string -- the custom middleware could save this to a database or report it to the user
- panic("foo")
- })
-
- r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.String(http.StatusOK, "ohai")
- })
-
- // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
- r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### How to write log file
-
-```go
-func main() {
- // Disable Console Color, you don't need console color when writing the logs to file.
- gin.DisableConsoleColor()
-
- // Logging to a file.
- f, _ := os.Create("gin.log")
- gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f)
-
- // Use the following code if you need to write the logs to file and console at the same time.
- // gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f, os.Stdout)
-
- router := gin.Default()
- router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
- })
-
- router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Custom Log Format
-
-```go
-func main() {
- router := gin.New()
-
- // LoggerWithFormatter middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter
- // By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
- router.Use(gin.LoggerWithFormatter(func(param gin.LogFormatterParams) string {
-
- // your custom format
- return fmt.Sprintf("%s - [%s] \"%s %s %s %d %s \"%s\" %s\"\n",
- param.ClientIP,
- param.TimeStamp.Format(time.RFC1123),
- param.Method,
- param.Path,
- param.Request.Proto,
- param.StatusCode,
- param.Latency,
- param.Request.UserAgent(),
- param.ErrorMessage,
- )
- }))
- router.Use(gin.Recovery())
-
- router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
- })
-
- router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-Sample Output
-
-```sh
-::1 - [Fri, 07 Dec 2018 17:04:38 JST] "GET /ping HTTP/1.1 200 122.767µs "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.80 Safari/537.36" "
-```
-
-### Controlling Log output coloring
-
-By default, logs output on console should be colorized depending on the detected TTY.
-
-Never colorize logs:
-
-```go
-func main() {
- // Disable log's color
- gin.DisableConsoleColor()
-
- // Creates a gin router with default middleware:
- // logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
- router := gin.Default()
-
- router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
- })
-
- router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-Always colorize logs:
-
-```go
-func main() {
- // Force log's color
- gin.ForceConsoleColor()
-
- // Creates a gin router with default middleware:
- // logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
- router := gin.Default()
-
- router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
- })
-
- router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Model binding and validation
-
-To bind a request body into a type, use model binding. We currently support binding of JSON, XML, YAML, TOML and standard form values (foo=bar&boo=baz).
-
-Gin uses [**go-playground/validator/v10**](https://github.com/go-playground/validator) for validation. Check the full docs on tags usage [here](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/go-playground/validator#hdr-Baked_In_Validators_and_Tags).
-
-Note that you need to set the corresponding binding tag on all fields you want to bind. For example, when binding from JSON, set `json:"fieldname"`.
-
-Also, Gin provides two sets of methods for binding:
-
-- **Type** - Must bind
- - **Methods** - `Bind`, `BindJSON`, `BindXML`, `BindQuery`, `BindYAML`, `BindHeader`, `BindTOML`
- - **Behavior** - These methods use `MustBindWith` under the hood. If there is a binding error, the request is aborted with `c.AbortWithError(400, err).SetType(ErrorTypeBind)`. This sets the response status code to 400 and the `Content-Type` header is set to `text/plain; charset=utf-8`. Note that if you try to set the response code after this, it will result in a warning `[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Headers were already written. Wanted to override status code 400 with 422`. If you wish to have greater control over the behavior, consider using the `ShouldBind` equivalent method.
-- **Type** - Should bind
- - **Methods** - `ShouldBind`, `ShouldBindJSON`, `ShouldBindXML`, `ShouldBindQuery`, `ShouldBindYAML`, `ShouldBindHeader`, `ShouldBindTOML`,
- - **Behavior** - These methods use `ShouldBindWith` under the hood. If there is a binding error, the error is returned and it is the developer's responsibility to handle the request and error appropriately.
-
-When using the Bind-method, Gin tries to infer the binder depending on the Content-Type header. If you are sure what you are binding, you can use `MustBindWith` or `ShouldBindWith`.
-
-You can also specify that specific fields are required. If a field is decorated with `binding:"required"` and has an empty value when binding, an error will be returned.
-
-```go
-// Binding from JSON
-type Login struct {
- User string `form:"user" json:"user" xml:"user" binding:"required"`
- Password string `form:"password" json:"password" xml:"password" binding:"required"`
-}
-
-func main() {
- router := gin.Default()
-
- // Example for binding JSON ({"user": "manu", "password": "123"})
- router.POST("/loginJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
- var json Login
- if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&json); err != nil {
- c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
- return
- }
-
- if json.User != "manu" || json.Password != "123" {
- c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
- return
- }
-
- c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
- })
-
- // Example for binding XML (
- //
- //
- // manu
- // 123
- // )
- router.POST("/loginXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
- var xml Login
- if err := c.ShouldBindXML(&xml); err != nil {
- c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
- return
- }
-
- if xml.User != "manu" || xml.Password != "123" {
- c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
- return
- }
-
- c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
- })
-
- // Example for binding a HTML form (user=manu&password=123)
- router.POST("/loginForm", func(c *gin.Context) {
- var form Login
- // This will infer what binder to use depending on the content-type header.
- if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil {
- c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
- return
- }
-
- if form.User != "manu" || form.Password != "123" {
- c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
- return
- }
-
- c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
- })
-
- // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
- router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-Sample request
-
-```sh
-$ curl -v -X POST \
- http://localhost:8080/loginJSON \
- -H 'content-type: application/json' \
- -d '{ "user": "manu" }'
-> POST /loginJSON HTTP/1.1
-> Host: localhost:8080
-> User-Agent: curl/7.51.0
-> Accept: */*
-> content-type: application/json
-> Content-Length: 18
->
-* upload completely sent off: 18 out of 18 bytes
-< HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
-< Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
-< Date: Fri, 04 Aug 2017 03:51:31 GMT
-< Content-Length: 100
-<
-{"error":"Key: 'Login.Password' Error:Field validation for 'Password' failed on the 'required' tag"}
-```
-
-Skip validate: when running the above example using the above the `curl` command, it returns error. Because the example use `binding:"required"` for `Password`. If use `binding:"-"` for `Password`, then it will not return error when running the above example again.
-
-### Custom Validators
-
-It is also possible to register custom validators. See the [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/custom-validation/server.go).
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
- "net/http"
- "time"
-
- "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
- "github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
- "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
-)
-
-// Booking contains binded and validated data.
-type Booking struct {
- CheckIn time.Time `form:"check_in" binding:"required,bookabledate" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
- CheckOut time.Time `form:"check_out" binding:"required,gtfield=CheckIn" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
-}
-
-var bookableDate validator.Func = func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
- date, ok := fl.Field().Interface().(time.Time)
- if ok {
- today := time.Now()
- if today.After(date) {
- return false
- }
- }
- return true
-}
-
-func main() {
- route := gin.Default()
-
- if v, ok := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate); ok {
- v.RegisterValidation("bookabledate", bookableDate)
- }
-
- route.GET("/bookable", getBookable)
- route.Run(":8085")
-}
-
-func getBookable(c *gin.Context) {
- var b Booking
- if err := c.ShouldBindWith(&b, binding.Query); err == nil {
- c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "Booking dates are valid!"})
- } else {
- c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
- }
-}
-```
-
-```console
-$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2030-04-16&check_out=2030-04-17"
-{"message":"Booking dates are valid!"}
-
-$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2030-03-10&check_out=2030-03-09"
-{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckOut' Error:Field validation for 'CheckOut' failed on the 'gtfield' tag"}
-
-$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2000-03-09&check_out=2000-03-10"
-{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckIn' Error:Field validation for 'CheckIn' failed on the 'bookabledate' tag"}%
-```
-
-[Struct level validations](https://github.com/go-playground/validator/releases/tag/v8.7) can also be registered this way.
-See the [struct-lvl-validation example](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/struct-lvl-validations) to learn more.
-
-### Only Bind Query String
-
-`ShouldBindQuery` function only binds the query params and not the post data. See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/742#issuecomment-315953017).
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
- "log"
- "net/http"
-
- "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-type Person struct {
- Name string `form:"name"`
- Address string `form:"address"`
-}
-
-func main() {
- route := gin.Default()
- route.Any("/testing", startPage)
- route.Run(":8085")
-}
-
-func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
- var person Person
- if c.ShouldBindQuery(&person) == nil {
- log.Println("====== Only Bind By Query String ======")
- log.Println(person.Name)
- log.Println(person.Address)
- }
- c.String(http.StatusOK, "Success")
-}
-
-```
-
-### Bind Query String or Post Data
-
-See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/742#issuecomment-264681292).
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
- "log"
- "net/http"
- "time"
-
- "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-type Person struct {
- Name string `form:"name"`
- Address string `form:"address"`
- Birthday time.Time `form:"birthday" time_format:"2006-01-02" time_utc:"1"`
- CreateTime time.Time `form:"createTime" time_format:"unixNano"`
- UnixTime time.Time `form:"unixTime" time_format:"unix"`
-}
-
-func main() {
- route := gin.Default()
- route.GET("/testing", startPage)
- route.Run(":8085")
-}
-
-func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
- var person Person
- // If `GET`, only `Form` binding engine (`query`) used.
- // If `POST`, first checks the `content-type` for `JSON` or `XML`, then uses `Form` (`form-data`).
- // See more at https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/binding/binding.go#L88
- if c.ShouldBind(&person) == nil {
- log.Println(person.Name)
- log.Println(person.Address)
- log.Println(person.Birthday)
- log.Println(person.CreateTime)
- log.Println(person.UnixTime)
- }
-
- c.String(http.StatusOK, "Success")
-}
-```
-
-Test it with:
-
-```sh
-curl -X GET "localhost:8085/testing?name=appleboy&address=xyz&birthday=1992-03-15&createTime=1562400033000000123&unixTime=1562400033"
-```
-
-### Bind Uri
-
-See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/846).
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
- "net/http"
-
- "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-type Person struct {
- ID string `uri:"id" binding:"required,uuid"`
- Name string `uri:"name" binding:"required"`
-}
-
-func main() {
- route := gin.Default()
- route.GET("/:name/:id", func(c *gin.Context) {
- var person Person
- if err := c.ShouldBindUri(&person); err != nil {
- c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"msg": err.Error()})
- return
- }
- c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"name": person.Name, "uuid": person.ID})
- })
- route.Run(":8088")
-}
-```
-
-Test it with:
-
-```sh
-curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/987fbc97-4bed-5078-9f07-9141ba07c9f3
-curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/not-uuid
-```
-
-### Bind Header
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
- "fmt"
- "net/http"
-
- "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-type testHeader struct {
- Rate int `header:"Rate"`
- Domain string `header:"Domain"`
-}
-
-func main() {
- r := gin.Default()
- r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
- h := testHeader{}
-
- if err := c.ShouldBindHeader(&h); err != nil {
- c.JSON(http.StatusOK, err)
- }
-
- fmt.Printf("%#v\n", h)
- c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"Rate": h.Rate, "Domain": h.Domain})
- })
-
- r.Run()
-
-// client
-// curl -H "rate:300" -H "domain:music" 127.0.0.1:8080/
-// output
-// {"Domain":"music","Rate":300}
-}
-```
-
-### Bind HTML checkboxes
-
-See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/129#issuecomment-124260092)
-
-main.go
-
-```go
-...
-
-type myForm struct {
- Colors []string `form:"colors[]"`
-}
-
-...
-
-func formHandler(c *gin.Context) {
- var fakeForm myForm
- c.ShouldBind(&fakeForm)
- c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"color": fakeForm.Colors})
-}
-
-...
-
-```
-
-form.html
-
-```html
-
-```
-
-result:
-
-```json
-{"color":["red","green","blue"]}
-```
-
-### Multipart/Urlencoded binding
-
-```go
-type ProfileForm struct {
- Name string `form:"name" binding:"required"`
- Avatar *multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar" binding:"required"`
-
- // or for multiple files
- // Avatars []*multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar" binding:"required"`
-}
-
-func main() {
- router := gin.Default()
- router.POST("/profile", func(c *gin.Context) {
- // you can bind multipart form with explicit binding declaration:
- // c.ShouldBindWith(&form, binding.Form)
- // or you can simply use autobinding with ShouldBind method:
- var form ProfileForm
- // in this case proper binding will be automatically selected
- if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil {
- c.String(http.StatusBadRequest, "bad request")
- return
- }
-
- err := c.SaveUploadedFile(form.Avatar, form.Avatar.Filename)
- if err != nil {
- c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "unknown error")
- return
- }
-
- // db.Save(&form)
-
- c.String(http.StatusOK, "ok")
- })
- router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-Test it with:
-
-```sh
-curl -X POST -v --form name=user --form "avatar=@./avatar.png" http://localhost:8080/profile
-```
-
-### XML, JSON, YAML, TOML and ProtoBuf rendering
-
-```go
-func main() {
- r := gin.Default()
-
- // gin.H is a shortcut for map[string]interface{}
- r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
- })
-
- r.GET("/moreJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
- // You also can use a struct
- var msg struct {
- Name string `json:"user"`
- Message string
- Number int
- }
- msg.Name = "Lena"
- msg.Message = "hey"
- msg.Number = 123
- // Note that msg.Name becomes "user" in the JSON
- // Will output : {"user": "Lena", "Message": "hey", "Number": 123}
- c.JSON(http.StatusOK, msg)
- })
-
- r.GET("/someXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.XML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
- })
-
- r.GET("/someYAML", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.YAML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
- })
-
- r.GET("/someTOML", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.TOML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
- })
-
- r.GET("/someProtoBuf", func(c *gin.Context) {
- reps := []int64{int64(1), int64(2)}
- label := "test"
- // The specific definition of protobuf is written in the testdata/protoexample file.
- data := &protoexample.Test{
- Label: &label,
- Reps: reps,
- }
- // Note that data becomes binary data in the response
- // Will output protoexample.Test protobuf serialized data
- c.ProtoBuf(http.StatusOK, data)
- })
-
- // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
- r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-#### SecureJSON
-
-Using SecureJSON to prevent json hijacking. Default prepends `"while(1),"` to response body if the given struct is array values.
-
-```go
-func main() {
- r := gin.Default()
-
- // You can also use your own secure json prefix
- // r.SecureJsonPrefix(")]}',\n")
-
- r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
- names := []string{"lena", "austin", "foo"}
-
- // Will output : while(1);["lena","austin","foo"]
- c.SecureJSON(http.StatusOK, names)
- })
-
- // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
- r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-#### JSONP
-
-Using JSONP to request data from a server in a different domain. Add callback to response body if the query parameter callback exists.
-
-```go
-func main() {
- r := gin.Default()
-
- r.GET("/JSONP", func(c *gin.Context) {
- data := gin.H{
- "foo": "bar",
- }
-
- //callback is x
- // Will output : x({\"foo\":\"bar\"})
- c.JSONP(http.StatusOK, data)
- })
-
- // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
- r.Run(":8080")
-
- // client
- // curl http://127.0.0.1:8080/JSONP?callback=x
-}
-```
-
-#### AsciiJSON
-
-Using AsciiJSON to Generates ASCII-only JSON with escaped non-ASCII characters.
-
-```go
-func main() {
- r := gin.Default()
-
- r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
- data := gin.H{
- "lang": "GO语言",
- "tag": "
",
- }
-
- // will output : {"lang":"GO\u8bed\u8a00","tag":"\u003cbr\u003e"}
- c.AsciiJSON(http.StatusOK, data)
- })
-
- // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
- r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-#### PureJSON
-
-Normally, JSON replaces special HTML characters with their unicode entities, e.g. `<` becomes `\u003c`. If you want to encode such characters literally, you can use PureJSON instead.
-This feature is unavailable in Go 1.6 and lower.
-
-```go
-func main() {
- r := gin.Default()
-
- // Serves unicode entities
- r.GET("/json", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
- "html": "Hello, world!",
- })
- })
-
- // Serves literal characters
- r.GET("/purejson", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.PureJSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
- "html": "Hello, world!",
- })
- })
-
- // listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
- r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Serving static files
-
-```go
-func main() {
- router := gin.Default()
- router.Static("/assets", "./assets")
- router.StaticFS("/more_static", http.Dir("my_file_system"))
- router.StaticFile("/favicon.ico", "./resources/favicon.ico")
- router.StaticFileFS("/more_favicon.ico", "more_favicon.ico", http.Dir("my_file_system"))
-
- // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
- router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Serving data from file
-
-```go
-func main() {
- router := gin.Default()
-
- router.GET("/local/file", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.File("local/file.go")
- })
-
- var fs http.FileSystem = // ...
- router.GET("/fs/file", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.FileFromFS("fs/file.go", fs)
- })
-}
-
-```
-
-### Serving data from reader
-
-```go
-func main() {
- router := gin.Default()
- router.GET("/someDataFromReader", func(c *gin.Context) {
- response, err := http.Get("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gin-gonic/logo/master/color.png")
- if err != nil || response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
- c.Status(http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
- return
- }
-
- reader := response.Body
- defer reader.Close()
- contentLength := response.ContentLength
- contentType := response.Header.Get("Content-Type")
-
- extraHeaders := map[string]string{
- "Content-Disposition": `attachment; filename="gopher.png"`,
- }
-
- c.DataFromReader(http.StatusOK, contentLength, contentType, reader, extraHeaders)
- })
- router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### HTML rendering
-
-Using LoadHTMLGlob() or LoadHTMLFiles()
-
-```go
-func main() {
- router := gin.Default()
- router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/*")
- //router.LoadHTMLFiles("templates/template1.html", "templates/template2.html")
- router.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", gin.H{
- "title": "Main website",
- })
- })
- router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-templates/index.tmpl
-
-```html
-
-
- {{ .title }}
-
-
-```
-
-Using templates with same name in different directories
-
-```go
-func main() {
- router := gin.Default()
- router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/**/*")
- router.GET("/posts/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "posts/index.tmpl", gin.H{
- "title": "Posts",
- })
- })
- router.GET("/users/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "users/index.tmpl", gin.H{
- "title": "Users",
- })
- })
- router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-templates/posts/index.tmpl
-
-```html
-{{ define "posts/index.tmpl" }}
-
- {{ .title }}
-
-Using posts/index.tmpl
-
-{{ end }}
-```
-
-templates/users/index.tmpl
-
-```html
-{{ define "users/index.tmpl" }}
-
- {{ .title }}
-
-Using users/index.tmpl
-
-{{ end }}
-```
-
-#### Custom Template renderer
-
-You can also use your own html template render
-
-```go
-import "html/template"
-
-func main() {
- router := gin.Default()
- html := template.Must(template.ParseFiles("file1", "file2"))
- router.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
- router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-#### Custom Delimiters
-
-You may use custom delims
-
-```go
- r := gin.Default()
- r.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
- r.LoadHTMLGlob("/path/to/templates")
-```
-
-#### Custom Template Funcs
-
-See the detail [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/template).
-
-main.go
-
-```go
-import (
- "fmt"
- "html/template"
- "net/http"
- "time"
-
- "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-func formatAsDate(t time.Time) string {
- year, month, day := t.Date()
- return fmt.Sprintf("%d/%02d/%02d", year, month, day)
-}
-
-func main() {
- router := gin.Default()
- router.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
- router.SetFuncMap(template.FuncMap{
- "formatAsDate": formatAsDate,
- })
- router.LoadHTMLFiles("./testdata/template/raw.tmpl")
-
- router.GET("/raw", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "raw.tmpl", gin.H{
- "now": time.Date(2017, 07, 01, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
- })
- })
-
- router.Run(":8080")
-}
-
-```
-
-raw.tmpl
-
-```html
-Date: {[{.now | formatAsDate}]}
-```
-
-Result:
-
-```sh
-Date: 2017/07/01
-```
-
-### Multitemplate
-
-Gin allow by default use only one html.Template. Check [a multitemplate render](https://github.com/gin-contrib/multitemplate) for using features like go 1.6 `block template`.
-
-### Redirects
-
-Issuing a HTTP redirect is easy. Both internal and external locations are supported.
-
-```go
-r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, "http://www.google.com/")
-})
-```
-
-Issuing a HTTP redirect from POST. Refer to issue: [#444](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/444)
-
-```go
-r.POST("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.Redirect(http.StatusFound, "/foo")
-})
-```
-
-Issuing a Router redirect, use `HandleContext` like below.
-
-``` go
-r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.Request.URL.Path = "/test2"
- r.HandleContext(c)
-})
-r.GET("/test2", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"hello": "world"})
-})
-```
-
-### Custom Middleware
-
-```go
-func Logger() gin.HandlerFunc {
- return func(c *gin.Context) {
- t := time.Now()
-
- // Set example variable
- c.Set("example", "12345")
-
- // before request
-
- c.Next()
-
- // after request
- latency := time.Since(t)
- log.Print(latency)
-
- // access the status we are sending
- status := c.Writer.Status()
- log.Println(status)
- }
-}
-
-func main() {
- r := gin.New()
- r.Use(Logger())
-
- r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
- example := c.MustGet("example").(string)
-
- // it would print: "12345"
- log.Println(example)
- })
-
- // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
- r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Using BasicAuth() middleware
-
-```go
-// simulate some private data
-var secrets = gin.H{
- "foo": gin.H{"email": "foo@bar.com", "phone": "123433"},
- "austin": gin.H{"email": "austin@example.com", "phone": "666"},
- "lena": gin.H{"email": "lena@guapa.com", "phone": "523443"},
-}
-
-func main() {
- r := gin.Default()
-
- // Group using gin.BasicAuth() middleware
- // gin.Accounts is a shortcut for map[string]string
- authorized := r.Group("/admin", gin.BasicAuth(gin.Accounts{
- "foo": "bar",
- "austin": "1234",
- "lena": "hello2",
- "manu": "4321",
- }))
-
- // /admin/secrets endpoint
- // hit "localhost:8080/admin/secrets
- authorized.GET("/secrets", func(c *gin.Context) {
- // get user, it was set by the BasicAuth middleware
- user := c.MustGet(gin.AuthUserKey).(string)
- if secret, ok := secrets[user]; ok {
- c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": secret})
- } else {
- c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": "NO SECRET :("})
- }
- })
-
- // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
- r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Goroutines inside a middleware
-
-When starting new Goroutines inside a middleware or handler, you **SHOULD NOT** use the original context inside it, you have to use a read-only copy.
-
-```go
-func main() {
- r := gin.Default()
-
- r.GET("/long_async", func(c *gin.Context) {
- // create copy to be used inside the goroutine
- cCp := c.Copy()
- go func() {
- // simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
- time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
-
- // note that you are using the copied context "cCp", IMPORTANT
- log.Println("Done! in path " + cCp.Request.URL.Path)
- }()
- })
-
- r.GET("/long_sync", func(c *gin.Context) {
- // simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
- time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
-
- // since we are NOT using a goroutine, we do not have to copy the context
- log.Println("Done! in path " + c.Request.URL.Path)
- })
-
- // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
- r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Custom HTTP configuration
-
-Use `http.ListenAndServe()` directly, like this:
-
-```go
-func main() {
- router := gin.Default()
- http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router)
-}
-```
-
-or
-
-```go
-func main() {
- router := gin.Default()
-
- s := &http.Server{
- Addr: ":8080",
- Handler: router,
- ReadTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
- WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
- MaxHeaderBytes: 1 << 20,
- }
- s.ListenAndServe()
-}
-```
-
-### Support Let's Encrypt
-
-example for 1-line LetsEncrypt HTTPS servers.
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
- "log"
- "net/http"
-
- "github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"
- "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-func main() {
- r := gin.Default()
-
- // Ping handler
- r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
- })
-
- log.Fatal(autotls.Run(r, "example1.com", "example2.com"))
-}
-```
-
-example for custom autocert manager.
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
- "log"
- "net/http"
-
- "github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"
- "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
- "golang.org/x/crypto/acme/autocert"
-)
-
-func main() {
- r := gin.Default()
-
- // Ping handler
- r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
- })
-
- m := autocert.Manager{
- Prompt: autocert.AcceptTOS,
- HostPolicy: autocert.HostWhitelist("example1.com", "example2.com"),
- Cache: autocert.DirCache("/var/www/.cache"),
- }
-
- log.Fatal(autotls.RunWithManager(r, &m))
-}
-```
-
-### Run multiple service using Gin
-
-See the [question](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/346) and try the following example:
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
- "log"
- "net/http"
- "time"
-
- "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
- "golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
-)
-
-var (
- g errgroup.Group
-)
-
-func router01() http.Handler {
- e := gin.New()
- e.Use(gin.Recovery())
- e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.JSON(
- http.StatusOK,
- gin.H{
- "code": http.StatusOK,
- "error": "Welcome server 01",
- },
- )
- })
-
- return e
-}
-
-func router02() http.Handler {
- e := gin.New()
- e.Use(gin.Recovery())
- e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.JSON(
- http.StatusOK,
- gin.H{
- "code": http.StatusOK,
- "error": "Welcome server 02",
- },
- )
- })
-
- return e
-}
-
-func main() {
- server01 := &http.Server{
- Addr: ":8080",
- Handler: router01(),
- ReadTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
- WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
- }
-
- server02 := &http.Server{
- Addr: ":8081",
- Handler: router02(),
- ReadTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
- WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
- }
-
- g.Go(func() error {
- err := server01.ListenAndServe()
- if err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
- log.Fatal(err)
- }
- return err
- })
-
- g.Go(func() error {
- err := server02.ListenAndServe()
- if err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
- log.Fatal(err)
- }
- return err
- })
-
- if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
- log.Fatal(err)
- }
-}
-```
-
-### Graceful shutdown or restart
-
-There are a few approaches you can use to perform a graceful shutdown or restart. You can make use of third-party packages specifically built for that, or you can manually do the same with the functions and methods from the built-in packages.
-
-#### Third-party packages
-
-We can use [fvbock/endless](https://github.com/fvbock/endless) to replace the default `ListenAndServe`. Refer to issue [#296](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/296) for more details.
-
-```go
-router := gin.Default()
-router.GET("/", handler)
-// [...]
-endless.ListenAndServe(":4242", router)
-```
-
-Alternatives:
-
-* [grace](https://github.com/facebookgo/grace): Graceful restart & zero downtime deploy for Go servers.
-* [graceful](https://github.com/tylerb/graceful): Graceful is a Go package enabling graceful shutdown of an http.Handler server.
-* [manners](https://github.com/braintree/manners): A polite Go HTTP server that shuts down gracefully.
-
-#### Manually
-
-In case you are using Go 1.8 or a later version, you may not need to use those libraries. Consider using `http.Server`'s built-in [Shutdown()](https://pkg.go.dev/net/http#Server.Shutdown) method for graceful shutdowns. The example below describes its usage, and we've got more examples using gin [here](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/graceful-shutdown).
-
-```go
-// +build go1.8
-
-package main
-
-import (
- "context"
- "log"
- "net/http"
- "os"
- "os/signal"
- "syscall"
- "time"
-
- "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-func main() {
- router := gin.Default()
- router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
- time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
- c.String(http.StatusOK, "Welcome Gin Server")
- })
-
- srv := &http.Server{
- Addr: ":8080",
- Handler: router,
- }
-
- // Initializing the server in a goroutine so that
- // it won't block the graceful shutdown handling below
- go func() {
- if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
- log.Printf("listen: %s\n", err)
- }
- }()
-
- // Wait for interrupt signal to gracefully shutdown the server with
- // a timeout of 5 seconds.
- quit := make(chan os.Signal)
- // kill (no param) default send syscall.SIGTERM
- // kill -2 is syscall.SIGINT
- // kill -9 is syscall.SIGKILL but can't be caught, so don't need to add it
- signal.Notify(quit, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
- <-quit
- log.Println("Shutting down server...")
-
- // The context is used to inform the server it has 5 seconds to finish
- // the request it is currently handling
- ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
- defer cancel()
-
- if err := srv.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
- log.Fatal("Server forced to shutdown:", err)
- }
-
- log.Println("Server exiting")
-}
-```
-
-### Build a single binary with templates
-
-You can build a server into a single binary containing templates by using the [embed](https://pkg.go.dev/embed) package.
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
- "embed"
- "html/template"
- "net/http"
-
- "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-//go:embed assets/* templates/*
-var f embed.FS
-
-func main() {
- router := gin.Default()
- templ := template.Must(template.New("").ParseFS(f, "templates/*.tmpl", "templates/foo/*.tmpl"))
- router.SetHTMLTemplate(templ)
-
- // example: /public/assets/images/example.png
- router.StaticFS("/public", http.FS(f))
-
- router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", gin.H{
- "title": "Main website",
- })
- })
-
- router.GET("/foo", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "bar.tmpl", gin.H{
- "title": "Foo website",
- })
- })
-
- router.GET("favicon.ico", func(c *gin.Context) {
- file, _ := f.ReadFile("assets/favicon.ico")
- c.Data(
- http.StatusOK,
- "image/x-icon",
- file,
- )
- })
-
- router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-See a complete example in the `https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/assets-in-binary/example02` directory.
-
-### Bind form-data request with custom struct
-
-The follow example using custom struct:
-
-```go
-type StructA struct {
- FieldA string `form:"field_a"`
-}
-
-type StructB struct {
- NestedStruct StructA
- FieldB string `form:"field_b"`
-}
-
-type StructC struct {
- NestedStructPointer *StructA
- FieldC string `form:"field_c"`
-}
-
-type StructD struct {
- NestedAnonyStruct struct {
- FieldX string `form:"field_x"`
- }
- FieldD string `form:"field_d"`
-}
-
-func GetDataB(c *gin.Context) {
- var b StructB
- c.Bind(&b)
- c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
- "a": b.NestedStruct,
- "b": b.FieldB,
- })
-}
-
-func GetDataC(c *gin.Context) {
- var b StructC
- c.Bind(&b)
- c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
- "a": b.NestedStructPointer,
- "c": b.FieldC,
- })
-}
-
-func GetDataD(c *gin.Context) {
- var b StructD
- c.Bind(&b)
- c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
- "x": b.NestedAnonyStruct,
- "d": b.FieldD,
- })
-}
-
-func main() {
- r := gin.Default()
- r.GET("/getb", GetDataB)
- r.GET("/getc", GetDataC)
- r.GET("/getd", GetDataD)
-
- r.Run()
-}
-```
-
-Using the command `curl` command result:
-
-```sh
-$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getb?field_a=hello&field_b=world"
-{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"b":"world"}
-$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getc?field_a=hello&field_c=world"
-{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"c":"world"}
-$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getd?field_x=hello&field_d=world"
-{"d":"world","x":{"FieldX":"hello"}}
-```
-
-### Try to bind body into different structs
-
-The normal methods for binding request body consumes `c.Request.Body` and they
-cannot be called multiple times.
-
-```go
-type formA struct {
- Foo string `json:"foo" xml:"foo" binding:"required"`
-}
-
-type formB struct {
- Bar string `json:"bar" xml:"bar" binding:"required"`
-}
-
-func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
- objA := formA{}
- objB := formB{}
- // This c.ShouldBind consumes c.Request.Body and it cannot be reused.
- if errA := c.ShouldBind(&objA); errA == nil {
- c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
- // Always an error is occurred by this because c.Request.Body is EOF now.
- } else if errB := c.ShouldBind(&objB); errB == nil {
- c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB`)
- } else {
- ...
- }
-}
-```
-
-For this, you can use `c.ShouldBindBodyWith`.
-
-```go
-func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
- objA := formA{}
- objB := formB{}
- // This reads c.Request.Body and stores the result into the context.
- if errA := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objA, binding.Form); errA == nil {
- c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
- // At this time, it reuses body stored in the context.
- } else if errB := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.JSON); errB == nil {
- c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB JSON`)
- // And it can accepts other formats
- } else if errB2 := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.XML); errB2 == nil {
- c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB XML`)
- } else {
- ...
- }
-}
-```
-
-1. `c.ShouldBindBodyWith` stores body into the context before binding. This has
-a slight impact to performance, so you should not use this method if you are
-enough to call binding at once.
-2. This feature is only needed for some formats -- `JSON`, `XML`, `MsgPack`,
-`ProtoBuf`. For other formats, `Query`, `Form`, `FormPost`, `FormMultipart`,
-can be called by `c.ShouldBind()` multiple times without any damage to
-performance (See [#1341](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/1341)).
-
-### Bind form-data request with custom struct and custom tag
-
-```go
-const (
- customerTag = "url"
- defaultMemory = 32 << 20
-)
-
-type customerBinding struct {}
-
-func (customerBinding) Name() string {
- return "form"
-}
-
-func (customerBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj interface{}) error {
- if err := req.ParseForm(); err != nil {
- return err
- }
- if err := req.ParseMultipartForm(defaultMemory); err != nil {
- if err != http.ErrNotMultipart {
- return err
- }
- }
- if err := binding.MapFormWithTag(obj, req.Form, customerTag); err != nil {
- return err
- }
- return validate(obj)
-}
-
-func validate(obj interface{}) error {
- if binding.Validator == nil {
- return nil
- }
- return binding.Validator.ValidateStruct(obj)
-}
-
-// Now we can do this!!!
-// FormA is an external type that we can't modify it's tag
-type FormA struct {
- FieldA string `url:"field_a"`
-}
-
-func ListHandler(s *Service) func(ctx *gin.Context) {
- return func(ctx *gin.Context) {
- var urlBinding = customerBinding{}
- var opt FormA
- err := ctx.MustBindWith(&opt, urlBinding)
- if err != nil {
- ...
- }
- ...
- }
-}
-```
-
-### http2 server push
-
-http.Pusher is supported only **go1.8+**. See the [golang blog](https://go.dev/blog/h2push) for detail information.
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
- "html/template"
- "log"
- "net/http"
-
- "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-var html = template.Must(template.New("https").Parse(`
-
-
- Https Test
-
-
-
- Welcome, Ginner!
-
-
-`))
-
-func main() {
- r := gin.Default()
- r.Static("/assets", "./assets")
- r.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
-
- r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
- if pusher := c.Writer.Pusher(); pusher != nil {
- // use pusher.Push() to do server push
- if err := pusher.Push("/assets/app.js", nil); err != nil {
- log.Printf("Failed to push: %v", err)
- }
- }
- c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "https", gin.H{
- "status": "success",
- })
- })
-
- // Listen and Server in https://127.0.0.1:8080
- r.RunTLS(":8080", "./testdata/server.pem", "./testdata/server.key")
-}
-```
-
-### Define format for the log of routes
-
-The default log of routes is:
-
-```sh
-[GIN-debug] POST /foo --> main.main.func1 (3 handlers)
-[GIN-debug] GET /bar --> main.main.func2 (3 handlers)
-[GIN-debug] GET /status --> main.main.func3 (3 handlers)
-```
-
-If you want to log this information in given format (e.g. JSON, key values or something else), then you can define this format with `gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc`.
-In the example below, we log all routes with standard log package but you can use another log tools that suits of your needs.
-
-```go
-import (
- "log"
- "net/http"
-
- "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-func main() {
- r := gin.Default()
- gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc = func(httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName string, nuHandlers int) {
- log.Printf("endpoint %v %v %v %v\n", httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName, nuHandlers)
- }
-
- r.POST("/foo", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "foo")
- })
-
- r.GET("/bar", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "bar")
- })
-
- r.GET("/status", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "ok")
- })
-
- // Listen and Server in http://0.0.0.0:8080
- r.Run()
-}
-```
-
-### Set and get a cookie
-
-```go
-import (
- "fmt"
-
- "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-func main() {
-
- router := gin.Default()
-
- router.GET("/cookie", func(c *gin.Context) {
-
- cookie, err := c.Cookie("gin_cookie")
-
- if err != nil {
- cookie = "NotSet"
- c.SetCookie("gin_cookie", "test", 3600, "/", "localhost", false, true)
- }
-
- fmt.Printf("Cookie value: %s \n", cookie)
- })
-
- router.Run()
-}
-```
-
-## Don't trust all proxies
-
-Gin lets you specify which headers to hold the real client IP (if any),
-as well as specifying which proxies (or direct clients) you trust to
-specify one of these headers.
-
-Use function `SetTrustedProxies()` on your `gin.Engine` to specify network addresses
-or network CIDRs from where clients which their request headers related to client
-IP can be trusted. They can be IPv4 addresses, IPv4 CIDRs, IPv6 addresses or
-IPv6 CIDRs.
-
-**Attention:** Gin trust all proxies by default if you don't specify a trusted
-proxy using the function above, **this is NOT safe**. At the same time, if you don't
-use any proxy, you can disable this feature by using `Engine.SetTrustedProxies(nil)`,
-then `Context.ClientIP()` will return the remote address directly to avoid some
-unnecessary computation.
-
-```go
-import (
- "fmt"
-
- "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-func main() {
-
- router := gin.Default()
- router.SetTrustedProxies([]string{"192.168.1.2"})
-
- router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
- // If the client is 192.168.1.2, use the X-Forwarded-For
- // header to deduce the original client IP from the trust-
- // worthy parts of that header.
- // Otherwise, simply return the direct client IP
- fmt.Printf("ClientIP: %s\n", c.ClientIP())
- })
- router.Run()
-}
-```
-
-**Notice:** If you are using a CDN service, you can set the `Engine.TrustedPlatform`
-to skip TrustedProxies check, it has a higher priority than TrustedProxies.
-Look at the example below:
-
-```go
-import (
- "fmt"
-
- "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-func main() {
-
- router := gin.Default()
- // Use predefined header gin.PlatformXXX
- router.TrustedPlatform = gin.PlatformGoogleAppEngine
- // Or set your own trusted request header for another trusted proxy service
- // Don't set it to any suspect request header, it's unsafe
- router.TrustedPlatform = "X-CDN-IP"
-
- router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
- // If you set TrustedPlatform, ClientIP() will resolve the
- // corresponding header and return IP directly
- fmt.Printf("ClientIP: %s\n", c.ClientIP())
- })
- router.Run()
-}
-```
-
-## Testing
-
-The `net/http/httptest` package is preferable way for HTTP testing.
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
- "net/http"
-
- "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-func setupRouter() *gin.Engine {
- r := gin.Default()
- r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
- c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
- })
- return r
-}
-
-func main() {
- r := setupRouter()
- r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-Test for code example above:
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
- "net/http"
- "net/http/httptest"
- "testing"
-
- "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-func TestPingRoute(t *testing.T) {
- router := setupRouter()
-
- w := httptest.NewRecorder()
- req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/ping", nil)
- router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
-
- assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
- assert.Equal(t, "pong", w.Body.String())
-}
-```
## Users
@@ -2380,3 +171,10 @@ Awesome project lists using [Gin](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin) web framewor
* [picfit](https://github.com/thoas/picfit): An image resizing server written in Go.
* [brigade](https://github.com/brigadecore/brigade): Event-based Scripting for Kubernetes.
* [dkron](https://github.com/distribworks/dkron): Distributed, fault tolerant job scheduling system.
+
+
+## Contributing
+
+Gin is the work of hundreds of contributors. We appreciate your help!
+
+Please see [CONTRIBUTING](CONTRIBUTING.md) for details on submitting patches and the contribution workflow.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/doc.md b/docs/doc.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..008a91d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/doc.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2246 @@
+# Gin Quick Start
+
+## Contents
+
+- [Build Tags](#build-tags)
+ - [Build with json replacement](#build-with-json-replacement)
+ - [Build without `MsgPack` rendering feature](#build-without-msgpack-rendering-feature)
+- [API Examples](#api-examples)
+ - [Using GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE and OPTIONS](#using-get-post-put-patch-delete-and-options)
+ - [Parameters in path](#parameters-in-path)
+ - [Querystring parameters](#querystring-parameters)
+ - [Multipart/Urlencoded Form](#multiparturlencoded-form)
+ - [Another example: query + post form](#another-example-query--post-form)
+ - [Map as querystring or postform parameters](#map-as-querystring-or-postform-parameters)
+ - [Upload files](#upload-files)
+ - [Single file](#single-file)
+ - [Multiple files](#multiple-files)
+ - [Grouping routes](#grouping-routes)
+ - [Blank Gin without middleware by default](#blank-gin-without-middleware-by-default)
+ - [Using middleware](#using-middleware)
+ - [Custom Recovery behavior](#custom-recovery-behavior)
+ - [How to write log file](#how-to-write-log-file)
+ - [Custom Log Format](#custom-log-format)
+ - [Controlling Log output coloring](#controlling-log-output-coloring)
+ - [Model binding and validation](#model-binding-and-validation)
+ - [Custom Validators](#custom-validators)
+ - [Only Bind Query String](#only-bind-query-string)
+ - [Bind Query String or Post Data](#bind-query-string-or-post-data)
+ - [Bind Uri](#bind-uri)
+ - [Bind Header](#bind-header)
+ - [Bind HTML checkboxes](#bind-html-checkboxes)
+ - [Multipart/Urlencoded binding](#multiparturlencoded-binding)
+ - [XML, JSON, YAML, TOML and ProtoBuf rendering](#xml-json-yaml-toml-and-protobuf-rendering)
+ - [SecureJSON](#securejson)
+ - [JSONP](#jsonp)
+ - [AsciiJSON](#asciijson)
+ - [PureJSON](#purejson)
+ - [Serving static files](#serving-static-files)
+ - [Serving data from file](#serving-data-from-file)
+ - [Serving data from reader](#serving-data-from-reader)
+ - [HTML rendering](#html-rendering)
+ - [Custom Template renderer](#custom-template-renderer)
+ - [Custom Delimiters](#custom-delimiters)
+ - [Custom Template Funcs](#custom-template-funcs)
+ - [Multitemplate](#multitemplate)
+ - [Redirects](#redirects)
+ - [Custom Middleware](#custom-middleware)
+ - [Using BasicAuth() middleware](#using-basicauth-middleware)
+ - [Goroutines inside a middleware](#goroutines-inside-a-middleware)
+ - [Custom HTTP configuration](#custom-http-configuration)
+ - [Support Let's Encrypt](#support-lets-encrypt)
+ - [Run multiple service using Gin](#run-multiple-service-using-gin)
+ - [Graceful shutdown or restart](#graceful-shutdown-or-restart)
+ - [Third-party packages](#third-party-packages)
+ - [Manually](#manually)
+ - [Build a single binary with templates](#build-a-single-binary-with-templates)
+ - [Bind form-data request with custom struct](#bind-form-data-request-with-custom-struct)
+ - [Try to bind body into different structs](#try-to-bind-body-into-different-structs)
+ - [Bind form-data request with custom struct and custom tag](#bind-form-data-request-with-custom-struct-and-custom-tag)
+ - [http2 server push](#http2-server-push)
+ - [Define format for the log of routes](#define-format-for-the-log-of-routes)
+ - [Set and get a cookie](#set-and-get-a-cookie)
+- [Don't trust all proxies](#dont-trust-all-proxies)
+- [Testing](#testing)
+
+## Build tags
+
+### Build with json replacement
+
+Gin uses `encoding/json` as default json package but you can change it by build from other tags.
+
+[jsoniter](https://github.com/json-iterator/go)
+
+```sh
+go build -tags=jsoniter .
+```
+
+[go-json](https://github.com/goccy/go-json)
+
+```sh
+go build -tags=go_json .
+```
+
+[sonic](https://github.com/bytedance/sonic) (you have to ensure that your cpu support avx instruction.)
+
+```sh
+$ go build -tags="sonic avx" .
+```
+
+### Build without `MsgPack` rendering feature
+
+Gin enables `MsgPack` rendering feature by default. But you can disable this feature by specifying `nomsgpack` build tag.
+
+```sh
+go build -tags=nomsgpack .
+```
+
+This is useful to reduce the binary size of executable files. See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/1852).
+
+## API Examples
+
+You can find a number of ready-to-run examples at [Gin examples repository](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples).
+
+### Using GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE and OPTIONS
+
+```go
+func main() {
+ // Creates a gin router with default middleware:
+ // logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
+ router := gin.Default()
+
+ router.GET("/someGet", getting)
+ router.POST("/somePost", posting)
+ router.PUT("/somePut", putting)
+ router.DELETE("/someDelete", deleting)
+ router.PATCH("/somePatch", patching)
+ router.HEAD("/someHead", head)
+ router.OPTIONS("/someOptions", options)
+
+ // By default it serves on :8080 unless a
+ // PORT environment variable was defined.
+ router.Run()
+ // router.Run(":3000") for a hard coded port
+}
+```
+
+### Parameters in path
+
+```go
+func main() {
+ router := gin.Default()
+
+ // This handler will match /user/john but will not match /user/ or /user
+ router.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ name := c.Param("name")
+ c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s", name)
+ })
+
+ // However, this one will match /user/john/ and also /user/john/send
+ // If no other routers match /user/john, it will redirect to /user/john/
+ router.GET("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ name := c.Param("name")
+ action := c.Param("action")
+ message := name + " is " + action
+ c.String(http.StatusOK, message)
+ })
+
+ // For each matched request Context will hold the route definition
+ router.POST("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ b := c.FullPath() == "/user/:name/*action" // true
+ c.String(http.StatusOK, "%t", b)
+ })
+
+ // This handler will add a new router for /user/groups.
+ // Exact routes are resolved before param routes, regardless of the order they were defined.
+ // Routes starting with /user/groups are never interpreted as /user/:name/... routes
+ router.GET("/user/groups", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.String(http.StatusOK, "The available groups are [...]")
+ })
+
+ router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Querystring parameters
+
+```go
+func main() {
+ router := gin.Default()
+
+ // Query string parameters are parsed using the existing underlying request object.
+ // The request responds to an url matching: /welcome?firstname=Jane&lastname=Doe
+ router.GET("/welcome", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ firstname := c.DefaultQuery("firstname", "Guest")
+ lastname := c.Query("lastname") // shortcut for c.Request.URL.Query().Get("lastname")
+
+ c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s %s", firstname, lastname)
+ })
+ router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Multipart/Urlencoded Form
+
+```go
+func main() {
+ router := gin.Default()
+
+ router.POST("/form_post", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ message := c.PostForm("message")
+ nick := c.DefaultPostForm("nick", "anonymous")
+
+ c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
+ "status": "posted",
+ "message": message,
+ "nick": nick,
+ })
+ })
+ router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Another example: query + post form
+
+```sh
+POST /post?id=1234&page=1 HTTP/1.1
+Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
+
+name=manu&message=this_is_great
+```
+
+```go
+func main() {
+ router := gin.Default()
+
+ router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {
+
+ id := c.Query("id")
+ page := c.DefaultQuery("page", "0")
+ name := c.PostForm("name")
+ message := c.PostForm("message")
+
+ fmt.Printf("id: %s; page: %s; name: %s; message: %s", id, page, name, message)
+ })
+ router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+```sh
+id: 1234; page: 1; name: manu; message: this_is_great
+```
+
+### Map as querystring or postform parameters
+
+```sh
+POST /post?ids[a]=1234&ids[b]=hello HTTP/1.1
+Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
+
+names[first]=thinkerou&names[second]=tianou
+```
+
+```go
+func main() {
+ router := gin.Default()
+
+ router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {
+
+ ids := c.QueryMap("ids")
+ names := c.PostFormMap("names")
+
+ fmt.Printf("ids: %v; names: %v", ids, names)
+ })
+ router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+```sh
+ids: map[b:hello a:1234]; names: map[second:tianou first:thinkerou]
+```
+
+### Upload files
+
+#### Single file
+
+References issue [#774](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/774) and detail [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/upload-file/single).
+
+`file.Filename` **SHOULD NOT** be trusted. See [`Content-Disposition` on MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Disposition#Directives) and [#1693](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/1693)
+
+> The filename is always optional and must not be used blindly by the application: path information should be stripped, and conversion to the server file system rules should be done.
+
+```go
+func main() {
+ router := gin.Default()
+ // Set a lower memory limit for multipart forms (default is 32 MiB)
+ router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20 // 8 MiB
+ router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ // Single file
+ file, _ := c.FormFile("file")
+ log.Println(file.Filename)
+
+ // Upload the file to specific dst.
+ c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)
+
+ c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("'%s' uploaded!", file.Filename))
+ })
+ router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+How to `curl`:
+
+```bash
+curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \
+ -F "file=@/Users/appleboy/test.zip" \
+ -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"
+```
+
+#### Multiple files
+
+See the detail [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/upload-file/multiple).
+
+```go
+func main() {
+ router := gin.Default()
+ // Set a lower memory limit for multipart forms (default is 32 MiB)
+ router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20 // 8 MiB
+ router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ // Multipart form
+ form, _ := c.MultipartForm()
+ files := form.File["upload[]"]
+
+ for _, file := range files {
+ log.Println(file.Filename)
+
+ // Upload the file to specific dst.
+ c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)
+ }
+ c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("%d files uploaded!", len(files)))
+ })
+ router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+How to `curl`:
+
+```bash
+curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \
+ -F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test1.zip" \
+ -F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test2.zip" \
+ -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"
+```
+
+### Grouping routes
+
+```go
+func main() {
+ router := gin.Default()
+
+ // Simple group: v1
+ v1 := router.Group("/v1")
+ {
+ v1.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
+ v1.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
+ v1.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
+ }
+
+ // Simple group: v2
+ v2 := router.Group("/v2")
+ {
+ v2.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
+ v2.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
+ v2.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
+ }
+
+ router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Blank Gin without middleware by default
+
+Use
+
+```go
+r := gin.New()
+```
+
+instead of
+
+```go
+// Default With the Logger and Recovery middleware already attached
+r := gin.Default()
+```
+
+### Using middleware
+
+```go
+func main() {
+ // Creates a router without any middleware by default
+ r := gin.New()
+
+ // Global middleware
+ // Logger middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter even if you set with GIN_MODE=release.
+ // By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
+ r.Use(gin.Logger())
+
+ // Recovery middleware recovers from any panics and writes a 500 if there was one.
+ r.Use(gin.Recovery())
+
+ // Per route middleware, you can add as many as you desire.
+ r.GET("/benchmark", MyBenchLogger(), benchEndpoint)
+
+ // Authorization group
+ // authorized := r.Group("/", AuthRequired())
+ // exactly the same as:
+ authorized := r.Group("/")
+ // per group middleware! in this case we use the custom created
+ // AuthRequired() middleware just in the "authorized" group.
+ authorized.Use(AuthRequired())
+ {
+ authorized.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
+ authorized.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
+ authorized.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
+
+ // nested group
+ testing := authorized.Group("testing")
+ // visit 0.0.0.0:8080/testing/analytics
+ testing.GET("/analytics", analyticsEndpoint)
+ }
+
+ // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+ r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Custom Recovery behavior
+
+```go
+func main() {
+ // Creates a router without any middleware by default
+ r := gin.New()
+
+ // Global middleware
+ // Logger middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter even if you set with GIN_MODE=release.
+ // By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
+ r.Use(gin.Logger())
+
+ // Recovery middleware recovers from any panics and writes a 500 if there was one.
+ r.Use(gin.CustomRecovery(func(c *gin.Context, recovered interface{}) {
+ if err, ok := recovered.(string); ok {
+ c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, fmt.Sprintf("error: %s", err))
+ }
+ c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+ }))
+
+ r.GET("/panic", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ // panic with a string -- the custom middleware could save this to a database or report it to the user
+ panic("foo")
+ })
+
+ r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.String(http.StatusOK, "ohai")
+ })
+
+ // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+ r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### How to write log file
+
+```go
+func main() {
+ // Disable Console Color, you don't need console color when writing the logs to file.
+ gin.DisableConsoleColor()
+
+ // Logging to a file.
+ f, _ := os.Create("gin.log")
+ gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f)
+
+ // Use the following code if you need to write the logs to file and console at the same time.
+ // gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f, os.Stdout)
+
+ router := gin.Default()
+ router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
+ })
+
+ router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Custom Log Format
+
+```go
+func main() {
+ router := gin.New()
+
+ // LoggerWithFormatter middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter
+ // By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
+ router.Use(gin.LoggerWithFormatter(func(param gin.LogFormatterParams) string {
+
+ // your custom format
+ return fmt.Sprintf("%s - [%s] \"%s %s %s %d %s \"%s\" %s\"\n",
+ param.ClientIP,
+ param.TimeStamp.Format(time.RFC1123),
+ param.Method,
+ param.Path,
+ param.Request.Proto,
+ param.StatusCode,
+ param.Latency,
+ param.Request.UserAgent(),
+ param.ErrorMessage,
+ )
+ }))
+ router.Use(gin.Recovery())
+
+ router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
+ })
+
+ router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+Sample Output
+
+```sh
+::1 - [Fri, 07 Dec 2018 17:04:38 JST] "GET /ping HTTP/1.1 200 122.767µs "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.80 Safari/537.36" "
+```
+
+### Controlling Log output coloring
+
+By default, logs output on console should be colorized depending on the detected TTY.
+
+Never colorize logs:
+
+```go
+func main() {
+ // Disable log's color
+ gin.DisableConsoleColor()
+
+ // Creates a gin router with default middleware:
+ // logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
+ router := gin.Default()
+
+ router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
+ })
+
+ router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+Always colorize logs:
+
+```go
+func main() {
+ // Force log's color
+ gin.ForceConsoleColor()
+
+ // Creates a gin router with default middleware:
+ // logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
+ router := gin.Default()
+
+ router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
+ })
+
+ router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Model binding and validation
+
+To bind a request body into a type, use model binding. We currently support binding of JSON, XML, YAML, TOML and standard form values (foo=bar&boo=baz).
+
+Gin uses [**go-playground/validator/v10**](https://github.com/go-playground/validator) for validation. Check the full docs on tags usage [here](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/go-playground/validator#hdr-Baked_In_Validators_and_Tags).
+
+Note that you need to set the corresponding binding tag on all fields you want to bind. For example, when binding from JSON, set `json:"fieldname"`.
+
+Also, Gin provides two sets of methods for binding:
+
+- **Type** - Must bind
+ - **Methods** - `Bind`, `BindJSON`, `BindXML`, `BindQuery`, `BindYAML`, `BindHeader`, `BindTOML`
+ - **Behavior** - These methods use `MustBindWith` under the hood. If there is a binding error, the request is aborted with `c.AbortWithError(400, err).SetType(ErrorTypeBind)`. This sets the response status code to 400 and the `Content-Type` header is set to `text/plain; charset=utf-8`. Note that if you try to set the response code after this, it will result in a warning `[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Headers were already written. Wanted to override status code 400 with 422`. If you wish to have greater control over the behavior, consider using the `ShouldBind` equivalent method.
+- **Type** - Should bind
+ - **Methods** - `ShouldBind`, `ShouldBindJSON`, `ShouldBindXML`, `ShouldBindQuery`, `ShouldBindYAML`, `ShouldBindHeader`, `ShouldBindTOML`,
+ - **Behavior** - These methods use `ShouldBindWith` under the hood. If there is a binding error, the error is returned and it is the developer's responsibility to handle the request and error appropriately.
+
+When using the Bind-method, Gin tries to infer the binder depending on the Content-Type header. If you are sure what you are binding, you can use `MustBindWith` or `ShouldBindWith`.
+
+You can also specify that specific fields are required. If a field is decorated with `binding:"required"` and has an empty value when binding, an error will be returned.
+
+```go
+// Binding from JSON
+type Login struct {
+ User string `form:"user" json:"user" xml:"user" binding:"required"`
+ Password string `form:"password" json:"password" xml:"password" binding:"required"`
+}
+
+func main() {
+ router := gin.Default()
+
+ // Example for binding JSON ({"user": "manu", "password": "123"})
+ router.POST("/loginJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ var json Login
+ if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&json); err != nil {
+ c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+ return
+ }
+
+ if json.User != "manu" || json.Password != "123" {
+ c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
+ return
+ }
+
+ c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
+ })
+
+ // Example for binding XML (
+ //
+ //
+ // manu
+ // 123
+ // )
+ router.POST("/loginXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ var xml Login
+ if err := c.ShouldBindXML(&xml); err != nil {
+ c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+ return
+ }
+
+ if xml.User != "manu" || xml.Password != "123" {
+ c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
+ return
+ }
+
+ c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
+ })
+
+ // Example for binding a HTML form (user=manu&password=123)
+ router.POST("/loginForm", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ var form Login
+ // This will infer what binder to use depending on the content-type header.
+ if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil {
+ c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+ return
+ }
+
+ if form.User != "manu" || form.Password != "123" {
+ c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
+ return
+ }
+
+ c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
+ })
+
+ // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+ router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+Sample request
+
+```sh
+$ curl -v -X POST \
+ http://localhost:8080/loginJSON \
+ -H 'content-type: application/json' \
+ -d '{ "user": "manu" }'
+> POST /loginJSON HTTP/1.1
+> Host: localhost:8080
+> User-Agent: curl/7.51.0
+> Accept: */*
+> content-type: application/json
+> Content-Length: 18
+>
+* upload completely sent off: 18 out of 18 bytes
+< HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
+< Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
+< Date: Fri, 04 Aug 2017 03:51:31 GMT
+< Content-Length: 100
+<
+{"error":"Key: 'Login.Password' Error:Field validation for 'Password' failed on the 'required' tag"}
+```
+
+Skip validate: when running the above example using the above the `curl` command, it returns error. Because the example use `binding:"required"` for `Password`. If use `binding:"-"` for `Password`, then it will not return error when running the above example again.
+
+### Custom Validators
+
+It is also possible to register custom validators. See the [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/custom-validation/server.go).
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+ "net/http"
+ "time"
+
+ "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+ "github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
+ "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
+)
+
+// Booking contains binded and validated data.
+type Booking struct {
+ CheckIn time.Time `form:"check_in" binding:"required,bookabledate" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
+ CheckOut time.Time `form:"check_out" binding:"required,gtfield=CheckIn" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
+}
+
+var bookableDate validator.Func = func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
+ date, ok := fl.Field().Interface().(time.Time)
+ if ok {
+ today := time.Now()
+ if today.After(date) {
+ return false
+ }
+ }
+ return true
+}
+
+func main() {
+ route := gin.Default()
+
+ if v, ok := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate); ok {
+ v.RegisterValidation("bookabledate", bookableDate)
+ }
+
+ route.GET("/bookable", getBookable)
+ route.Run(":8085")
+}
+
+func getBookable(c *gin.Context) {
+ var b Booking
+ if err := c.ShouldBindWith(&b, binding.Query); err == nil {
+ c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "Booking dates are valid!"})
+ } else {
+ c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+ }
+}
+```
+
+```console
+$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2030-04-16&check_out=2030-04-17"
+{"message":"Booking dates are valid!"}
+
+$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2030-03-10&check_out=2030-03-09"
+{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckOut' Error:Field validation for 'CheckOut' failed on the 'gtfield' tag"}
+
+$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2000-03-09&check_out=2000-03-10"
+{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckIn' Error:Field validation for 'CheckIn' failed on the 'bookabledate' tag"}%
+```
+
+[Struct level validations](https://github.com/go-playground/validator/releases/tag/v8.7) can also be registered this way.
+See the [struct-lvl-validation example](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/struct-lvl-validations) to learn more.
+
+### Only Bind Query String
+
+`ShouldBindQuery` function only binds the query params and not the post data. See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/742#issuecomment-315953017).
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+ "log"
+ "net/http"
+
+ "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+type Person struct {
+ Name string `form:"name"`
+ Address string `form:"address"`
+}
+
+func main() {
+ route := gin.Default()
+ route.Any("/testing", startPage)
+ route.Run(":8085")
+}
+
+func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
+ var person Person
+ if c.ShouldBindQuery(&person) == nil {
+ log.Println("====== Only Bind By Query String ======")
+ log.Println(person.Name)
+ log.Println(person.Address)
+ }
+ c.String(http.StatusOK, "Success")
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bind Query String or Post Data
+
+See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/742#issuecomment-264681292).
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+ "log"
+ "net/http"
+ "time"
+
+ "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+type Person struct {
+ Name string `form:"name"`
+ Address string `form:"address"`
+ Birthday time.Time `form:"birthday" time_format:"2006-01-02" time_utc:"1"`
+ CreateTime time.Time `form:"createTime" time_format:"unixNano"`
+ UnixTime time.Time `form:"unixTime" time_format:"unix"`
+}
+
+func main() {
+ route := gin.Default()
+ route.GET("/testing", startPage)
+ route.Run(":8085")
+}
+
+func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
+ var person Person
+ // If `GET`, only `Form` binding engine (`query`) used.
+ // If `POST`, first checks the `content-type` for `JSON` or `XML`, then uses `Form` (`form-data`).
+ // See more at https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/binding/binding.go#L88
+ if c.ShouldBind(&person) == nil {
+ log.Println(person.Name)
+ log.Println(person.Address)
+ log.Println(person.Birthday)
+ log.Println(person.CreateTime)
+ log.Println(person.UnixTime)
+ }
+
+ c.String(http.StatusOK, "Success")
+}
+```
+
+Test it with:
+
+```sh
+curl -X GET "localhost:8085/testing?name=appleboy&address=xyz&birthday=1992-03-15&createTime=1562400033000000123&unixTime=1562400033"
+```
+
+### Bind Uri
+
+See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/846).
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+ "net/http"
+
+ "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+type Person struct {
+ ID string `uri:"id" binding:"required,uuid"`
+ Name string `uri:"name" binding:"required"`
+}
+
+func main() {
+ route := gin.Default()
+ route.GET("/:name/:id", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ var person Person
+ if err := c.ShouldBindUri(&person); err != nil {
+ c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"msg": err.Error()})
+ return
+ }
+ c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"name": person.Name, "uuid": person.ID})
+ })
+ route.Run(":8088")
+}
+```
+
+Test it with:
+
+```sh
+curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/987fbc97-4bed-5078-9f07-9141ba07c9f3
+curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/not-uuid
+```
+
+### Bind Header
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+ "fmt"
+ "net/http"
+
+ "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+type testHeader struct {
+ Rate int `header:"Rate"`
+ Domain string `header:"Domain"`
+}
+
+func main() {
+ r := gin.Default()
+ r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ h := testHeader{}
+
+ if err := c.ShouldBindHeader(&h); err != nil {
+ c.JSON(http.StatusOK, err)
+ }
+
+ fmt.Printf("%#v\n", h)
+ c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"Rate": h.Rate, "Domain": h.Domain})
+ })
+
+ r.Run()
+
+// client
+// curl -H "rate:300" -H "domain:music" 127.0.0.1:8080/
+// output
+// {"Domain":"music","Rate":300}
+}
+```
+
+### Bind HTML checkboxes
+
+See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/129#issuecomment-124260092)
+
+main.go
+
+```go
+...
+
+type myForm struct {
+ Colors []string `form:"colors[]"`
+}
+
+...
+
+func formHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+ var fakeForm myForm
+ c.ShouldBind(&fakeForm)
+ c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"color": fakeForm.Colors})
+}
+
+...
+
+```
+
+form.html
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+result:
+
+```json
+{"color":["red","green","blue"]}
+```
+
+### Multipart/Urlencoded binding
+
+```go
+type ProfileForm struct {
+ Name string `form:"name" binding:"required"`
+ Avatar *multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar" binding:"required"`
+
+ // or for multiple files
+ // Avatars []*multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar" binding:"required"`
+}
+
+func main() {
+ router := gin.Default()
+ router.POST("/profile", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ // you can bind multipart form with explicit binding declaration:
+ // c.ShouldBindWith(&form, binding.Form)
+ // or you can simply use autobinding with ShouldBind method:
+ var form ProfileForm
+ // in this case proper binding will be automatically selected
+ if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil {
+ c.String(http.StatusBadRequest, "bad request")
+ return
+ }
+
+ err := c.SaveUploadedFile(form.Avatar, form.Avatar.Filename)
+ if err != nil {
+ c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "unknown error")
+ return
+ }
+
+ // db.Save(&form)
+
+ c.String(http.StatusOK, "ok")
+ })
+ router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+Test it with:
+
+```sh
+curl -X POST -v --form name=user --form "avatar=@./avatar.png" http://localhost:8080/profile
+```
+
+### XML, JSON, YAML, TOML and ProtoBuf rendering
+
+```go
+func main() {
+ r := gin.Default()
+
+ // gin.H is a shortcut for map[string]interface{}
+ r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
+ })
+
+ r.GET("/moreJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ // You also can use a struct
+ var msg struct {
+ Name string `json:"user"`
+ Message string
+ Number int
+ }
+ msg.Name = "Lena"
+ msg.Message = "hey"
+ msg.Number = 123
+ // Note that msg.Name becomes "user" in the JSON
+ // Will output : {"user": "Lena", "Message": "hey", "Number": 123}
+ c.JSON(http.StatusOK, msg)
+ })
+
+ r.GET("/someXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.XML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
+ })
+
+ r.GET("/someYAML", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.YAML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
+ })
+
+ r.GET("/someTOML", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.TOML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
+ })
+
+ r.GET("/someProtoBuf", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ reps := []int64{int64(1), int64(2)}
+ label := "test"
+ // The specific definition of protobuf is written in the testdata/protoexample file.
+ data := &protoexample.Test{
+ Label: &label,
+ Reps: reps,
+ }
+ // Note that data becomes binary data in the response
+ // Will output protoexample.Test protobuf serialized data
+ c.ProtoBuf(http.StatusOK, data)
+ })
+
+ // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+ r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+#### SecureJSON
+
+Using SecureJSON to prevent json hijacking. Default prepends `"while(1),"` to response body if the given struct is array values.
+
+```go
+func main() {
+ r := gin.Default()
+
+ // You can also use your own secure json prefix
+ // r.SecureJsonPrefix(")]}',\n")
+
+ r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ names := []string{"lena", "austin", "foo"}
+
+ // Will output : while(1);["lena","austin","foo"]
+ c.SecureJSON(http.StatusOK, names)
+ })
+
+ // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+ r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+#### JSONP
+
+Using JSONP to request data from a server in a different domain. Add callback to response body if the query parameter callback exists.
+
+```go
+func main() {
+ r := gin.Default()
+
+ r.GET("/JSONP", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ data := gin.H{
+ "foo": "bar",
+ }
+
+ //callback is x
+ // Will output : x({\"foo\":\"bar\"})
+ c.JSONP(http.StatusOK, data)
+ })
+
+ // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+ r.Run(":8080")
+
+ // client
+ // curl http://127.0.0.1:8080/JSONP?callback=x
+}
+```
+
+#### AsciiJSON
+
+Using AsciiJSON to Generates ASCII-only JSON with escaped non-ASCII characters.
+
+```go
+func main() {
+ r := gin.Default()
+
+ r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ data := gin.H{
+ "lang": "GO语言",
+ "tag": "
",
+ }
+
+ // will output : {"lang":"GO\u8bed\u8a00","tag":"\u003cbr\u003e"}
+ c.AsciiJSON(http.StatusOK, data)
+ })
+
+ // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+ r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+#### PureJSON
+
+Normally, JSON replaces special HTML characters with their unicode entities, e.g. `<` becomes `\u003c`. If you want to encode such characters literally, you can use PureJSON instead.
+This feature is unavailable in Go 1.6 and lower.
+
+```go
+func main() {
+ r := gin.Default()
+
+ // Serves unicode entities
+ r.GET("/json", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
+ "html": "Hello, world!",
+ })
+ })
+
+ // Serves literal characters
+ r.GET("/purejson", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.PureJSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
+ "html": "Hello, world!",
+ })
+ })
+
+ // listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+ r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Serving static files
+
+```go
+func main() {
+ router := gin.Default()
+ router.Static("/assets", "./assets")
+ router.StaticFS("/more_static", http.Dir("my_file_system"))
+ router.StaticFile("/favicon.ico", "./resources/favicon.ico")
+ router.StaticFileFS("/more_favicon.ico", "more_favicon.ico", http.Dir("my_file_system"))
+
+ // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+ router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Serving data from file
+
+```go
+func main() {
+ router := gin.Default()
+
+ router.GET("/local/file", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.File("local/file.go")
+ })
+
+ var fs http.FileSystem = // ...
+ router.GET("/fs/file", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.FileFromFS("fs/file.go", fs)
+ })
+}
+
+```
+
+### Serving data from reader
+
+```go
+func main() {
+ router := gin.Default()
+ router.GET("/someDataFromReader", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ response, err := http.Get("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gin-gonic/logo/master/color.png")
+ if err != nil || response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+ c.Status(http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
+ return
+ }
+
+ reader := response.Body
+ defer reader.Close()
+ contentLength := response.ContentLength
+ contentType := response.Header.Get("Content-Type")
+
+ extraHeaders := map[string]string{
+ "Content-Disposition": `attachment; filename="gopher.png"`,
+ }
+
+ c.DataFromReader(http.StatusOK, contentLength, contentType, reader, extraHeaders)
+ })
+ router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### HTML rendering
+
+Using LoadHTMLGlob() or LoadHTMLFiles()
+
+```go
+func main() {
+ router := gin.Default()
+ router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/*")
+ //router.LoadHTMLFiles("templates/template1.html", "templates/template2.html")
+ router.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", gin.H{
+ "title": "Main website",
+ })
+ })
+ router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+templates/index.tmpl
+
+```html
+
+
+ {{ .title }}
+
+
+```
+
+Using templates with same name in different directories
+
+```go
+func main() {
+ router := gin.Default()
+ router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/**/*")
+ router.GET("/posts/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "posts/index.tmpl", gin.H{
+ "title": "Posts",
+ })
+ })
+ router.GET("/users/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "users/index.tmpl", gin.H{
+ "title": "Users",
+ })
+ })
+ router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+templates/posts/index.tmpl
+
+```html
+{{ define "posts/index.tmpl" }}
+
+ {{ .title }}
+
+Using posts/index.tmpl
+
+{{ end }}
+```
+
+templates/users/index.tmpl
+
+```html
+{{ define "users/index.tmpl" }}
+
+ {{ .title }}
+
+Using users/index.tmpl
+
+{{ end }}
+```
+
+#### Custom Template renderer
+
+You can also use your own html template render
+
+```go
+import "html/template"
+
+func main() {
+ router := gin.Default()
+ html := template.Must(template.ParseFiles("file1", "file2"))
+ router.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
+ router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+#### Custom Delimiters
+
+You may use custom delims
+
+```go
+ r := gin.Default()
+ r.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
+ r.LoadHTMLGlob("/path/to/templates")
+```
+
+#### Custom Template Funcs
+
+See the detail [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/template).
+
+main.go
+
+```go
+import (
+ "fmt"
+ "html/template"
+ "net/http"
+ "time"
+
+ "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func formatAsDate(t time.Time) string {
+ year, month, day := t.Date()
+ return fmt.Sprintf("%d/%02d/%02d", year, month, day)
+}
+
+func main() {
+ router := gin.Default()
+ router.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
+ router.SetFuncMap(template.FuncMap{
+ "formatAsDate": formatAsDate,
+ })
+ router.LoadHTMLFiles("./testdata/template/raw.tmpl")
+
+ router.GET("/raw", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "raw.tmpl", gin.H{
+ "now": time.Date(2017, 07, 01, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+ })
+ })
+
+ router.Run(":8080")
+}
+
+```
+
+raw.tmpl
+
+```html
+Date: {[{.now | formatAsDate}]}
+```
+
+Result:
+
+```sh
+Date: 2017/07/01
+```
+
+### Multitemplate
+
+Gin allow by default use only one html.Template. Check [a multitemplate render](https://github.com/gin-contrib/multitemplate) for using features like go 1.6 `block template`.
+
+### Redirects
+
+Issuing a HTTP redirect is easy. Both internal and external locations are supported.
+
+```go
+r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, "http://www.google.com/")
+})
+```
+
+Issuing a HTTP redirect from POST. Refer to issue: [#444](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/444)
+
+```go
+r.POST("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.Redirect(http.StatusFound, "/foo")
+})
+```
+
+Issuing a Router redirect, use `HandleContext` like below.
+
+``` go
+r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.Request.URL.Path = "/test2"
+ r.HandleContext(c)
+})
+r.GET("/test2", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"hello": "world"})
+})
+```
+
+### Custom Middleware
+
+```go
+func Logger() gin.HandlerFunc {
+ return func(c *gin.Context) {
+ t := time.Now()
+
+ // Set example variable
+ c.Set("example", "12345")
+
+ // before request
+
+ c.Next()
+
+ // after request
+ latency := time.Since(t)
+ log.Print(latency)
+
+ // access the status we are sending
+ status := c.Writer.Status()
+ log.Println(status)
+ }
+}
+
+func main() {
+ r := gin.New()
+ r.Use(Logger())
+
+ r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ example := c.MustGet("example").(string)
+
+ // it would print: "12345"
+ log.Println(example)
+ })
+
+ // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+ r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Using BasicAuth() middleware
+
+```go
+// simulate some private data
+var secrets = gin.H{
+ "foo": gin.H{"email": "foo@bar.com", "phone": "123433"},
+ "austin": gin.H{"email": "austin@example.com", "phone": "666"},
+ "lena": gin.H{"email": "lena@guapa.com", "phone": "523443"},
+}
+
+func main() {
+ r := gin.Default()
+
+ // Group using gin.BasicAuth() middleware
+ // gin.Accounts is a shortcut for map[string]string
+ authorized := r.Group("/admin", gin.BasicAuth(gin.Accounts{
+ "foo": "bar",
+ "austin": "1234",
+ "lena": "hello2",
+ "manu": "4321",
+ }))
+
+ // /admin/secrets endpoint
+ // hit "localhost:8080/admin/secrets
+ authorized.GET("/secrets", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ // get user, it was set by the BasicAuth middleware
+ user := c.MustGet(gin.AuthUserKey).(string)
+ if secret, ok := secrets[user]; ok {
+ c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": secret})
+ } else {
+ c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": "NO SECRET :("})
+ }
+ })
+
+ // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+ r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Goroutines inside a middleware
+
+When starting new Goroutines inside a middleware or handler, you **SHOULD NOT** use the original context inside it, you have to use a read-only copy.
+
+```go
+func main() {
+ r := gin.Default()
+
+ r.GET("/long_async", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ // create copy to be used inside the goroutine
+ cCp := c.Copy()
+ go func() {
+ // simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
+ time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
+
+ // note that you are using the copied context "cCp", IMPORTANT
+ log.Println("Done! in path " + cCp.Request.URL.Path)
+ }()
+ })
+
+ r.GET("/long_sync", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ // simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
+ time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
+
+ // since we are NOT using a goroutine, we do not have to copy the context
+ log.Println("Done! in path " + c.Request.URL.Path)
+ })
+
+ // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+ r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Custom HTTP configuration
+
+Use `http.ListenAndServe()` directly, like this:
+
+```go
+func main() {
+ router := gin.Default()
+ http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router)
+}
+```
+
+or
+
+```go
+func main() {
+ router := gin.Default()
+
+ s := &http.Server{
+ Addr: ":8080",
+ Handler: router,
+ ReadTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
+ WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
+ MaxHeaderBytes: 1 << 20,
+ }
+ s.ListenAndServe()
+}
+```
+
+### Support Let's Encrypt
+
+example for 1-line LetsEncrypt HTTPS servers.
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+ "log"
+ "net/http"
+
+ "github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"
+ "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func main() {
+ r := gin.Default()
+
+ // Ping handler
+ r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
+ })
+
+ log.Fatal(autotls.Run(r, "example1.com", "example2.com"))
+}
+```
+
+example for custom autocert manager.
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+ "log"
+ "net/http"
+
+ "github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"
+ "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+ "golang.org/x/crypto/acme/autocert"
+)
+
+func main() {
+ r := gin.Default()
+
+ // Ping handler
+ r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
+ })
+
+ m := autocert.Manager{
+ Prompt: autocert.AcceptTOS,
+ HostPolicy: autocert.HostWhitelist("example1.com", "example2.com"),
+ Cache: autocert.DirCache("/var/www/.cache"),
+ }
+
+ log.Fatal(autotls.RunWithManager(r, &m))
+}
+```
+
+### Run multiple service using Gin
+
+See the [question](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/346) and try the following example:
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+ "log"
+ "net/http"
+ "time"
+
+ "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+ "golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
+)
+
+var (
+ g errgroup.Group
+)
+
+func router01() http.Handler {
+ e := gin.New()
+ e.Use(gin.Recovery())
+ e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.JSON(
+ http.StatusOK,
+ gin.H{
+ "code": http.StatusOK,
+ "error": "Welcome server 01",
+ },
+ )
+ })
+
+ return e
+}
+
+func router02() http.Handler {
+ e := gin.New()
+ e.Use(gin.Recovery())
+ e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.JSON(
+ http.StatusOK,
+ gin.H{
+ "code": http.StatusOK,
+ "error": "Welcome server 02",
+ },
+ )
+ })
+
+ return e
+}
+
+func main() {
+ server01 := &http.Server{
+ Addr: ":8080",
+ Handler: router01(),
+ ReadTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
+ WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
+ }
+
+ server02 := &http.Server{
+ Addr: ":8081",
+ Handler: router02(),
+ ReadTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
+ WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
+ }
+
+ g.Go(func() error {
+ err := server01.ListenAndServe()
+ if err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
+ log.Fatal(err)
+ }
+ return err
+ })
+
+ g.Go(func() error {
+ err := server02.ListenAndServe()
+ if err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
+ log.Fatal(err)
+ }
+ return err
+ })
+
+ if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
+ log.Fatal(err)
+ }
+}
+```
+
+### Graceful shutdown or restart
+
+There are a few approaches you can use to perform a graceful shutdown or restart. You can make use of third-party packages specifically built for that, or you can manually do the same with the functions and methods from the built-in packages.
+
+#### Third-party packages
+
+We can use [fvbock/endless](https://github.com/fvbock/endless) to replace the default `ListenAndServe`. Refer to issue [#296](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/296) for more details.
+
+```go
+router := gin.Default()
+router.GET("/", handler)
+// [...]
+endless.ListenAndServe(":4242", router)
+```
+
+Alternatives:
+
+* [grace](https://github.com/facebookgo/grace): Graceful restart & zero downtime deploy for Go servers.
+* [graceful](https://github.com/tylerb/graceful): Graceful is a Go package enabling graceful shutdown of an http.Handler server.
+* [manners](https://github.com/braintree/manners): A polite Go HTTP server that shuts down gracefully.
+
+#### Manually
+
+In case you are using Go 1.8 or a later version, you may not need to use those libraries. Consider using `http.Server`'s built-in [Shutdown()](https://pkg.go.dev/net/http#Server.Shutdown) method for graceful shutdowns. The example below describes its usage, and we've got more examples using gin [here](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/graceful-shutdown).
+
+```go
+// +build go1.8
+
+package main
+
+import (
+ "context"
+ "log"
+ "net/http"
+ "os"
+ "os/signal"
+ "syscall"
+ "time"
+
+ "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func main() {
+ router := gin.Default()
+ router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
+ c.String(http.StatusOK, "Welcome Gin Server")
+ })
+
+ srv := &http.Server{
+ Addr: ":8080",
+ Handler: router,
+ }
+
+ // Initializing the server in a goroutine so that
+ // it won't block the graceful shutdown handling below
+ go func() {
+ if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
+ log.Printf("listen: %s\n", err)
+ }
+ }()
+
+ // Wait for interrupt signal to gracefully shutdown the server with
+ // a timeout of 5 seconds.
+ quit := make(chan os.Signal)
+ // kill (no param) default send syscall.SIGTERM
+ // kill -2 is syscall.SIGINT
+ // kill -9 is syscall.SIGKILL but can't be caught, so don't need to add it
+ signal.Notify(quit, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
+ <-quit
+ log.Println("Shutting down server...")
+
+ // The context is used to inform the server it has 5 seconds to finish
+ // the request it is currently handling
+ ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+ defer cancel()
+
+ if err := srv.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
+ log.Fatal("Server forced to shutdown:", err)
+ }
+
+ log.Println("Server exiting")
+}
+```
+
+### Build a single binary with templates
+
+You can build a server into a single binary containing templates by using the [embed](https://pkg.go.dev/embed) package.
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+ "embed"
+ "html/template"
+ "net/http"
+
+ "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+//go:embed assets/* templates/*
+var f embed.FS
+
+func main() {
+ router := gin.Default()
+ templ := template.Must(template.New("").ParseFS(f, "templates/*.tmpl", "templates/foo/*.tmpl"))
+ router.SetHTMLTemplate(templ)
+
+ // example: /public/assets/images/example.png
+ router.StaticFS("/public", http.FS(f))
+
+ router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", gin.H{
+ "title": "Main website",
+ })
+ })
+
+ router.GET("/foo", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "bar.tmpl", gin.H{
+ "title": "Foo website",
+ })
+ })
+
+ router.GET("favicon.ico", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ file, _ := f.ReadFile("assets/favicon.ico")
+ c.Data(
+ http.StatusOK,
+ "image/x-icon",
+ file,
+ )
+ })
+
+ router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+See a complete example in the `https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/assets-in-binary/example02` directory.
+
+### Bind form-data request with custom struct
+
+The follow example using custom struct:
+
+```go
+type StructA struct {
+ FieldA string `form:"field_a"`
+}
+
+type StructB struct {
+ NestedStruct StructA
+ FieldB string `form:"field_b"`
+}
+
+type StructC struct {
+ NestedStructPointer *StructA
+ FieldC string `form:"field_c"`
+}
+
+type StructD struct {
+ NestedAnonyStruct struct {
+ FieldX string `form:"field_x"`
+ }
+ FieldD string `form:"field_d"`
+}
+
+func GetDataB(c *gin.Context) {
+ var b StructB
+ c.Bind(&b)
+ c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
+ "a": b.NestedStruct,
+ "b": b.FieldB,
+ })
+}
+
+func GetDataC(c *gin.Context) {
+ var b StructC
+ c.Bind(&b)
+ c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
+ "a": b.NestedStructPointer,
+ "c": b.FieldC,
+ })
+}
+
+func GetDataD(c *gin.Context) {
+ var b StructD
+ c.Bind(&b)
+ c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
+ "x": b.NestedAnonyStruct,
+ "d": b.FieldD,
+ })
+}
+
+func main() {
+ r := gin.Default()
+ r.GET("/getb", GetDataB)
+ r.GET("/getc", GetDataC)
+ r.GET("/getd", GetDataD)
+
+ r.Run()
+}
+```
+
+Using the command `curl` command result:
+
+```sh
+$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getb?field_a=hello&field_b=world"
+{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"b":"world"}
+$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getc?field_a=hello&field_c=world"
+{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"c":"world"}
+$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getd?field_x=hello&field_d=world"
+{"d":"world","x":{"FieldX":"hello"}}
+```
+
+### Try to bind body into different structs
+
+The normal methods for binding request body consumes `c.Request.Body` and they
+cannot be called multiple times.
+
+```go
+type formA struct {
+ Foo string `json:"foo" xml:"foo" binding:"required"`
+}
+
+type formB struct {
+ Bar string `json:"bar" xml:"bar" binding:"required"`
+}
+
+func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+ objA := formA{}
+ objB := formB{}
+ // This c.ShouldBind consumes c.Request.Body and it cannot be reused.
+ if errA := c.ShouldBind(&objA); errA == nil {
+ c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
+ // Always an error is occurred by this because c.Request.Body is EOF now.
+ } else if errB := c.ShouldBind(&objB); errB == nil {
+ c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB`)
+ } else {
+ ...
+ }
+}
+```
+
+For this, you can use `c.ShouldBindBodyWith`.
+
+```go
+func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+ objA := formA{}
+ objB := formB{}
+ // This reads c.Request.Body and stores the result into the context.
+ if errA := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objA, binding.Form); errA == nil {
+ c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
+ // At this time, it reuses body stored in the context.
+ } else if errB := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.JSON); errB == nil {
+ c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB JSON`)
+ // And it can accepts other formats
+ } else if errB2 := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.XML); errB2 == nil {
+ c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB XML`)
+ } else {
+ ...
+ }
+}
+```
+
+1. `c.ShouldBindBodyWith` stores body into the context before binding. This has
+a slight impact to performance, so you should not use this method if you are
+enough to call binding at once.
+2. This feature is only needed for some formats -- `JSON`, `XML`, `MsgPack`,
+`ProtoBuf`. For other formats, `Query`, `Form`, `FormPost`, `FormMultipart`,
+can be called by `c.ShouldBind()` multiple times without any damage to
+performance (See [#1341](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/1341)).
+
+### Bind form-data request with custom struct and custom tag
+
+```go
+const (
+ customerTag = "url"
+ defaultMemory = 32 << 20
+)
+
+type customerBinding struct {}
+
+func (customerBinding) Name() string {
+ return "form"
+}
+
+func (customerBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj interface{}) error {
+ if err := req.ParseForm(); err != nil {
+ return err
+ }
+ if err := req.ParseMultipartForm(defaultMemory); err != nil {
+ if err != http.ErrNotMultipart {
+ return err
+ }
+ }
+ if err := binding.MapFormWithTag(obj, req.Form, customerTag); err != nil {
+ return err
+ }
+ return validate(obj)
+}
+
+func validate(obj interface{}) error {
+ if binding.Validator == nil {
+ return nil
+ }
+ return binding.Validator.ValidateStruct(obj)
+}
+
+// Now we can do this!!!
+// FormA is an external type that we can't modify it's tag
+type FormA struct {
+ FieldA string `url:"field_a"`
+}
+
+func ListHandler(s *Service) func(ctx *gin.Context) {
+ return func(ctx *gin.Context) {
+ var urlBinding = customerBinding{}
+ var opt FormA
+ err := ctx.MustBindWith(&opt, urlBinding)
+ if err != nil {
+ ...
+ }
+ ...
+ }
+}
+```
+
+### http2 server push
+
+http.Pusher is supported only **go1.8+**. See the [golang blog](https://go.dev/blog/h2push) for detail information.
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+ "html/template"
+ "log"
+ "net/http"
+
+ "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+var html = template.Must(template.New("https").Parse(`
+
+
+ Https Test
+
+
+
+ Welcome, Ginner!
+
+
+`))
+
+func main() {
+ r := gin.Default()
+ r.Static("/assets", "./assets")
+ r.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
+
+ r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ if pusher := c.Writer.Pusher(); pusher != nil {
+ // use pusher.Push() to do server push
+ if err := pusher.Push("/assets/app.js", nil); err != nil {
+ log.Printf("Failed to push: %v", err)
+ }
+ }
+ c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "https", gin.H{
+ "status": "success",
+ })
+ })
+
+ // Listen and Server in https://127.0.0.1:8080
+ r.RunTLS(":8080", "./testdata/server.pem", "./testdata/server.key")
+}
+```
+
+### Define format for the log of routes
+
+The default log of routes is:
+
+```sh
+[GIN-debug] POST /foo --> main.main.func1 (3 handlers)
+[GIN-debug] GET /bar --> main.main.func2 (3 handlers)
+[GIN-debug] GET /status --> main.main.func3 (3 handlers)
+```
+
+If you want to log this information in given format (e.g. JSON, key values or something else), then you can define this format with `gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc`.
+In the example below, we log all routes with standard log package but you can use another log tools that suits of your needs.
+
+```go
+import (
+ "log"
+ "net/http"
+
+ "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func main() {
+ r := gin.Default()
+ gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc = func(httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName string, nuHandlers int) {
+ log.Printf("endpoint %v %v %v %v\n", httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName, nuHandlers)
+ }
+
+ r.POST("/foo", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "foo")
+ })
+
+ r.GET("/bar", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "bar")
+ })
+
+ r.GET("/status", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "ok")
+ })
+
+ // Listen and Server in http://0.0.0.0:8080
+ r.Run()
+}
+```
+
+### Set and get a cookie
+
+```go
+import (
+ "fmt"
+
+ "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func main() {
+
+ router := gin.Default()
+
+ router.GET("/cookie", func(c *gin.Context) {
+
+ cookie, err := c.Cookie("gin_cookie")
+
+ if err != nil {
+ cookie = "NotSet"
+ c.SetCookie("gin_cookie", "test", 3600, "/", "localhost", false, true)
+ }
+
+ fmt.Printf("Cookie value: %s \n", cookie)
+ })
+
+ router.Run()
+}
+```
+
+## Don't trust all proxies
+
+Gin lets you specify which headers to hold the real client IP (if any),
+as well as specifying which proxies (or direct clients) you trust to
+specify one of these headers.
+
+Use function `SetTrustedProxies()` on your `gin.Engine` to specify network addresses
+or network CIDRs from where clients which their request headers related to client
+IP can be trusted. They can be IPv4 addresses, IPv4 CIDRs, IPv6 addresses or
+IPv6 CIDRs.
+
+**Attention:** Gin trust all proxies by default if you don't specify a trusted
+proxy using the function above, **this is NOT safe**. At the same time, if you don't
+use any proxy, you can disable this feature by using `Engine.SetTrustedProxies(nil)`,
+then `Context.ClientIP()` will return the remote address directly to avoid some
+unnecessary computation.
+
+```go
+import (
+ "fmt"
+
+ "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func main() {
+
+ router := gin.Default()
+ router.SetTrustedProxies([]string{"192.168.1.2"})
+
+ router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ // If the client is 192.168.1.2, use the X-Forwarded-For
+ // header to deduce the original client IP from the trust-
+ // worthy parts of that header.
+ // Otherwise, simply return the direct client IP
+ fmt.Printf("ClientIP: %s\n", c.ClientIP())
+ })
+ router.Run()
+}
+```
+
+**Notice:** If you are using a CDN service, you can set the `Engine.TrustedPlatform`
+to skip TrustedProxies check, it has a higher priority than TrustedProxies.
+Look at the example below:
+
+```go
+import (
+ "fmt"
+
+ "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func main() {
+
+ router := gin.Default()
+ // Use predefined header gin.PlatformXXX
+ router.TrustedPlatform = gin.PlatformGoogleAppEngine
+ // Or set your own trusted request header for another trusted proxy service
+ // Don't set it to any suspect request header, it's unsafe
+ router.TrustedPlatform = "X-CDN-IP"
+
+ router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ // If you set TrustedPlatform, ClientIP() will resolve the
+ // corresponding header and return IP directly
+ fmt.Printf("ClientIP: %s\n", c.ClientIP())
+ })
+ router.Run()
+}
+```
+
+## Testing
+
+The `net/http/httptest` package is preferable way for HTTP testing.
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+ "net/http"
+
+ "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func setupRouter() *gin.Engine {
+ r := gin.Default()
+ r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
+ c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
+ })
+ return r
+}
+
+func main() {
+ r := setupRouter()
+ r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+Test for code example above:
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+ "net/http"
+ "net/http/httptest"
+ "testing"
+
+ "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestPingRoute(t *testing.T) {
+ router := setupRouter()
+
+ w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+ req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/ping", nil)
+ router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+ assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+ assert.Equal(t, "pong", w.Body.String())
+}
+```