From 82e1c53cc0a3b0bdb7baab6b95d05a7ec796f7a2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: thinkerou <thinkerou@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Jan 2023 10:40:25 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] docs(readme): move more example to docs/doc.md (#3449)

---
 README.md   | 2344 ++-------------------------------------------------
 docs/doc.md | 2246 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 2317 insertions(+), 2273 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 docs/doc.md

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 103a53c..eccf814 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -12,106 +12,47 @@
 [![Release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/gin-gonic/gin.svg?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/releases)
 [![TODOs](https://badgen.net/https/api.tickgit.com/badgen/github.com/gin-gonic/gin)](https://www.tickgit.com/browse?repo=github.com/gin-gonic/gin)
 
-Gin is a web framework written in Go (Golang). It features a martini-like API with performance that is up to 40 times faster thanks to [httprouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter). If you need performance and good productivity, you will love Gin.
+Gin is a web framework written in [Go](https://go.dev/). It features a martini-like API with performance that is up to 40 times faster thanks to [httprouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter). If you need performance and good productivity, you will love Gin.
 
-## Contents
+**The key features of Gin are:**
 
-- [Gin Web Framework](#gin-web-framework)
-  - [Contents](#contents)
-  - [Installation](#installation)
-  - [Quick start](#quick-start)
-  - [Benchmarks](#benchmarks)
-  - [Gin v1. stable](#gin-v1-stable)
-  - [Build with json replacement](#build-with-json-replacement)
-  - [Build without `MsgPack` rendering feature](#build-without-msgpack-rendering-feature)
-  - [API Examples](#api-examples)
-    - [Using GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE and OPTIONS](#using-get-post-put-patch-delete-and-options)
-    - [Parameters in path](#parameters-in-path)
-    - [Querystring parameters](#querystring-parameters)
-    - [Multipart/Urlencoded Form](#multiparturlencoded-form)
-    - [Another example: query + post form](#another-example-query--post-form)
-    - [Map as querystring or postform parameters](#map-as-querystring-or-postform-parameters)
-    - [Upload files](#upload-files)
-      - [Single file](#single-file)
-      - [Multiple files](#multiple-files)
-    - [Grouping routes](#grouping-routes)
-    - [Blank Gin without middleware by default](#blank-gin-without-middleware-by-default)
-    - [Using middleware](#using-middleware)
-    - [Custom Recovery behavior](#custom-recovery-behavior)
-    - [How to write log file](#how-to-write-log-file)
-    - [Custom Log Format](#custom-log-format)
-    - [Controlling Log output coloring](#controlling-log-output-coloring)
-    - [Model binding and validation](#model-binding-and-validation)
-    - [Custom Validators](#custom-validators)
-    - [Only Bind Query String](#only-bind-query-string)
-    - [Bind Query String or Post Data](#bind-query-string-or-post-data)
-    - [Bind Uri](#bind-uri)
-    - [Bind Header](#bind-header)
-    - [Bind HTML checkboxes](#bind-html-checkboxes)
-    - [Multipart/Urlencoded binding](#multiparturlencoded-binding)
-    - [XML, JSON, YAML, TOML and ProtoBuf rendering](#xml-json-yaml-toml-and-protobuf-rendering)
-      - [SecureJSON](#securejson)
-      - [JSONP](#jsonp)
-      - [AsciiJSON](#asciijson)
-      - [PureJSON](#purejson)
-    - [Serving static files](#serving-static-files)
-    - [Serving data from file](#serving-data-from-file)
-    - [Serving data from reader](#serving-data-from-reader)
-    - [HTML rendering](#html-rendering)
-      - [Custom Template renderer](#custom-template-renderer)
-      - [Custom Delimiters](#custom-delimiters)
-      - [Custom Template Funcs](#custom-template-funcs)
-    - [Multitemplate](#multitemplate)
-    - [Redirects](#redirects)
-    - [Custom Middleware](#custom-middleware)
-    - [Using BasicAuth() middleware](#using-basicauth-middleware)
-    - [Goroutines inside a middleware](#goroutines-inside-a-middleware)
-    - [Custom HTTP configuration](#custom-http-configuration)
-    - [Support Let's Encrypt](#support-lets-encrypt)
-    - [Run multiple service using Gin](#run-multiple-service-using-gin)
-    - [Graceful shutdown or restart](#graceful-shutdown-or-restart)
-      - [Third-party packages](#third-party-packages)
-      - [Manually](#manually)
-    - [Build a single binary with templates](#build-a-single-binary-with-templates)
-    - [Bind form-data request with custom struct](#bind-form-data-request-with-custom-struct)
-    - [Try to bind body into different structs](#try-to-bind-body-into-different-structs)
-    - [Bind form-data request with custom struct and custom tag](#bind-form-data-request-with-custom-struct-and-custom-tag)
-    - [http2 server push](#http2-server-push)
-    - [Define format for the log of routes](#define-format-for-the-log-of-routes)
-    - [Set and get a cookie](#set-and-get-a-cookie)
-  - [Don't trust all proxies](#dont-trust-all-proxies)
-  - [Testing](#testing)
-  - [Users](#users)
+- Zero allocation router
+- Fast
+- Middleware support
+- Crash-free
+- JSON validation
+- Routes grouping
+- Error management
+- Rendering built-in
+- Extendable
 
-## Installation
 
-To install Gin package, you need to install Go and set your Go workspace first.
+## Getting started
 
-1. You first need [Go](https://go.dev/) installed (**version 1.16+ is required**), then you can use the below Go command to install Gin.
+### Prerequisites
+
+- **[Go](https://go.dev/)**: ~~any one of the **three latest major** [releases](https://go.dev/doc/devel/release)~~ (now version **1.16+** is required).
+
+### Getting Gin
+
+With [Go module](https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/Modules) support, simply add the following import
 
-```sh
-go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin
 ```
-
-2. Import it in your code:
-
-```go
 import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 ```
 
-3. (Optional) Import `net/http`. This is required for example if using constants such as `http.StatusOK`.
+to your code, and then `go [build|run|test]` will automatically fetch the necessary dependencies.
 
-```go
-import "net/http"
-```
-
-## Quick start
+Otherwise, run the following Go command to install the `gin` package:
 
 ```sh
-# assume the following codes in example.go file
-$ cat example.go
+$ go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin
 ```
 
+### Running Gin
+
+First you need to import Gin package for using Gin, one simplest example likes the follow `example.go`:
+
 ```go
 package main
 
@@ -132,16 +73,48 @@ func main() {
 }
 ```
 
+And use the Go command to run the demo:
+
 ```
-# run example.go and visit 0.0.0.0:8080/ping (for windows "localhost:8080/ping") on browser
+# run example.go and visit 0.0.0.0:8080/ping on browser
 $ go run example.go
 ```
 
+### Learn more examples
+
+#### Quick Start
+
+Learn and practice more examples, please read the [Gin Quick Start](docs/doc.md) which includes API examples and builds tag.
+
+#### Examples
+
+A number of ready-to-run examples demonstrating various use cases of Gin on the [Gin examples](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples) repository.
+
+
+## Documentation
+
+See [API documentation and descriptions](https://godoc.org/github.com/gin-gonic/gin) for package.
+
+All documentation is available on the Gin website.
+
+- [English](https://gin-gonic.com/docs/)
+- [简体中文](https://gin-gonic.com/zh-cn/docs/)
+- [繁體中文](https://gin-gonic.com/zh-tw/docs/)
+- [日本語](https://gin-gonic.com/ja/docs/)
+- [Español](https://gin-gonic.com/es/docs/)
+- [한국어](https://gin-gonic.com/ko-kr/docs/)
+- [Turkish](https://gin-gonic.com/tr/docs/)
+- [Persian](https://gin-gonic.com/fa/docs/)
+
+### Articles about Gin
+
+A curated list of awesome Gin framework.
+
+- [Tutorial: Developing a RESTful API with Go and Gin](https://go.dev/doc/tutorial/web-service-gin)
+
 ## Benchmarks
 
-Gin uses a custom version of [HttpRouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter)
-
-[See all benchmarks](/BENCHMARKS.md)
+Gin uses a custom version of [HttpRouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter), [see all benchmarks details](/BENCHMARKS.md).
 
 | Benchmark name                 |       (1) |             (2) |          (3) |             (4) |
 | ------------------------------ | ---------:| ---------------:| ------------:| ---------------:|
@@ -181,2193 +154,11 @@ Gin uses a custom version of [HttpRouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httpr
 - (3): Heap Memory (B/op), lower is better
 - (4): Average Allocations per Repetition (allocs/op), lower is better
 
-## Gin v1. stable
 
-- [x] Zero allocation router.
-- [x] Still the fastest http router and framework. From routing to writing.
-- [x] Complete suite of unit tests.
-- [x] Battle tested.
-- [x] API frozen, new releases will not break your code.
+## Middlewares
 
-## Build with json replacement
+You can find many useful Gin middlewares at [gin-contrib](https://github.com/gin-contrib).
 
-Gin uses `encoding/json` as default json package but you can change it by build from other tags.
-
-[jsoniter](https://github.com/json-iterator/go)
-
-```sh
-go build -tags=jsoniter .
-```
-
-[go-json](https://github.com/goccy/go-json)
-
-```sh
-go build -tags=go_json .
-```
-
-[sonic](https://github.com/bytedance/sonic) (you have to ensure that your cpu support avx instruction.)
-
-```sh
-$ go build -tags="sonic avx" .
-```
-
-## Build without `MsgPack` rendering feature
-
-Gin enables `MsgPack` rendering feature by default. But you can disable this feature by specifying `nomsgpack` build tag.
-
-```sh
-go build -tags=nomsgpack .
-```
-
-This is useful to reduce the binary size of executable files. See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/1852).
-
-## API Examples
-
-You can find a number of ready-to-run examples at [Gin examples repository](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples).
-
-### Using GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE and OPTIONS
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  // Creates a gin router with default middleware:
-  // logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
-  router := gin.Default()
-
-  router.GET("/someGet", getting)
-  router.POST("/somePost", posting)
-  router.PUT("/somePut", putting)
-  router.DELETE("/someDelete", deleting)
-  router.PATCH("/somePatch", patching)
-  router.HEAD("/someHead", head)
-  router.OPTIONS("/someOptions", options)
-
-  // By default it serves on :8080 unless a
-  // PORT environment variable was defined.
-  router.Run()
-  // router.Run(":3000") for a hard coded port
-}
-```
-
-### Parameters in path
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-
-  // This handler will match /user/john but will not match /user/ or /user
-  router.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    name := c.Param("name")
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s", name)
-  })
-
-  // However, this one will match /user/john/ and also /user/john/send
-  // If no other routers match /user/john, it will redirect to /user/john/
-  router.GET("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    name := c.Param("name")
-    action := c.Param("action")
-    message := name + " is " + action
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, message)
-  })
-
-  // For each matched request Context will hold the route definition
-  router.POST("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    b := c.FullPath() == "/user/:name/*action" // true
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, "%t", b)
-  })
-
-  // This handler will add a new router for /user/groups.
-  // Exact routes are resolved before param routes, regardless of the order they were defined.
-  // Routes starting with /user/groups are never interpreted as /user/:name/... routes
-  router.GET("/user/groups", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, "The available groups are [...]")
-  })
-
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Querystring parameters
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-
-  // Query string parameters are parsed using the existing underlying request object.
-  // The request responds to an url matching:  /welcome?firstname=Jane&lastname=Doe
-  router.GET("/welcome", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    firstname := c.DefaultQuery("firstname", "Guest")
-    lastname := c.Query("lastname") // shortcut for c.Request.URL.Query().Get("lastname")
-
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s %s", firstname, lastname)
-  })
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Multipart/Urlencoded Form
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-
-  router.POST("/form_post", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    message := c.PostForm("message")
-    nick := c.DefaultPostForm("nick", "anonymous")
-
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
-      "status":  "posted",
-      "message": message,
-      "nick":    nick,
-    })
-  })
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Another example: query + post form
-
-```sh
-POST /post?id=1234&page=1 HTTP/1.1
-Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
-
-name=manu&message=this_is_great
-```
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-
-  router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {
-
-    id := c.Query("id")
-    page := c.DefaultQuery("page", "0")
-    name := c.PostForm("name")
-    message := c.PostForm("message")
-
-    fmt.Printf("id: %s; page: %s; name: %s; message: %s", id, page, name, message)
-  })
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-```sh
-id: 1234; page: 1; name: manu; message: this_is_great
-```
-
-### Map as querystring or postform parameters
-
-```sh
-POST /post?ids[a]=1234&ids[b]=hello HTTP/1.1
-Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
-
-names[first]=thinkerou&names[second]=tianou
-```
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-
-  router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {
-
-    ids := c.QueryMap("ids")
-    names := c.PostFormMap("names")
-
-    fmt.Printf("ids: %v; names: %v", ids, names)
-  })
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-```sh
-ids: map[b:hello a:1234]; names: map[second:tianou first:thinkerou]
-```
-
-### Upload files
-
-#### Single file
-
-References issue [#774](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/774) and detail [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/upload-file/single).
-
-`file.Filename` **SHOULD NOT** be trusted. See [`Content-Disposition` on MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Disposition#Directives) and [#1693](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/1693)
-
-> The filename is always optional and must not be used blindly by the application: path information should be stripped, and conversion to the server file system rules should be done.
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-  // Set a lower memory limit for multipart forms (default is 32 MiB)
-  router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20  // 8 MiB
-  router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    // Single file
-    file, _ := c.FormFile("file")
-    log.Println(file.Filename)
-
-    // Upload the file to specific dst.
-    c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)
-
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("'%s' uploaded!", file.Filename))
-  })
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-How to `curl`:
-
-```bash
-curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \
-  -F "file=@/Users/appleboy/test.zip" \
-  -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"
-```
-
-#### Multiple files
-
-See the detail [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/upload-file/multiple).
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-  // Set a lower memory limit for multipart forms (default is 32 MiB)
-  router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20  // 8 MiB
-  router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    // Multipart form
-    form, _ := c.MultipartForm()
-    files := form.File["upload[]"]
-
-    for _, file := range files {
-      log.Println(file.Filename)
-
-      // Upload the file to specific dst.
-      c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)
-    }
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("%d files uploaded!", len(files)))
-  })
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-How to `curl`:
-
-```bash
-curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \
-  -F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test1.zip" \
-  -F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test2.zip" \
-  -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"
-```
-
-### Grouping routes
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-
-  // Simple group: v1
-  v1 := router.Group("/v1")
-  {
-    v1.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
-    v1.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
-    v1.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
-  }
-
-  // Simple group: v2
-  v2 := router.Group("/v2")
-  {
-    v2.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
-    v2.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
-    v2.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
-  }
-
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Blank Gin without middleware by default
-
-Use
-
-```go
-r := gin.New()
-```
-
-instead of
-
-```go
-// Default With the Logger and Recovery middleware already attached
-r := gin.Default()
-```
-
-### Using middleware
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  // Creates a router without any middleware by default
-  r := gin.New()
-
-  // Global middleware
-  // Logger middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter even if you set with GIN_MODE=release.
-  // By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
-  r.Use(gin.Logger())
-
-  // Recovery middleware recovers from any panics and writes a 500 if there was one.
-  r.Use(gin.Recovery())
-
-  // Per route middleware, you can add as many as you desire.
-  r.GET("/benchmark", MyBenchLogger(), benchEndpoint)
-
-  // Authorization group
-  // authorized := r.Group("/", AuthRequired())
-  // exactly the same as:
-  authorized := r.Group("/")
-  // per group middleware! in this case we use the custom created
-  // AuthRequired() middleware just in the "authorized" group.
-  authorized.Use(AuthRequired())
-  {
-    authorized.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
-    authorized.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
-    authorized.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
-
-    // nested group
-    testing := authorized.Group("testing")
-    // visit 0.0.0.0:8080/testing/analytics
-    testing.GET("/analytics", analyticsEndpoint)
-  }
-
-  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
-  r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Custom Recovery behavior
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  // Creates a router without any middleware by default
-  r := gin.New()
-
-  // Global middleware
-  // Logger middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter even if you set with GIN_MODE=release.
-  // By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
-  r.Use(gin.Logger())
-
-  // Recovery middleware recovers from any panics and writes a 500 if there was one.
-  r.Use(gin.CustomRecovery(func(c *gin.Context, recovered interface{}) {
-    if err, ok := recovered.(string); ok {
-      c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, fmt.Sprintf("error: %s", err))
-    }
-    c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusInternalServerError)
-  }))
-
-  r.GET("/panic", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    // panic with a string -- the custom middleware could save this to a database or report it to the user
-    panic("foo")
-  })
-
-  r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, "ohai")
-  })
-
-  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
-  r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### How to write log file
-
-```go
-func main() {
-    // Disable Console Color, you don't need console color when writing the logs to file.
-    gin.DisableConsoleColor()
-
-    // Logging to a file.
-    f, _ := os.Create("gin.log")
-    gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f)
-
-    // Use the following code if you need to write the logs to file and console at the same time.
-    // gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f, os.Stdout)
-
-    router := gin.Default()
-    router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
-        c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
-    })
-
-    router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Custom Log Format
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.New()
-
-  // LoggerWithFormatter middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter
-  // By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
-  router.Use(gin.LoggerWithFormatter(func(param gin.LogFormatterParams) string {
-
-    // your custom format
-    return fmt.Sprintf("%s - [%s] \"%s %s %s %d %s \"%s\" %s\"\n",
-        param.ClientIP,
-        param.TimeStamp.Format(time.RFC1123),
-        param.Method,
-        param.Path,
-        param.Request.Proto,
-        param.StatusCode,
-        param.Latency,
-        param.Request.UserAgent(),
-        param.ErrorMessage,
-    )
-  }))
-  router.Use(gin.Recovery())
-
-  router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
-  })
-
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-Sample Output
-
-```sh
-::1 - [Fri, 07 Dec 2018 17:04:38 JST] "GET /ping HTTP/1.1 200 122.767µs "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.80 Safari/537.36" "
-```
-
-### Controlling Log output coloring
-
-By default, logs output on console should be colorized depending on the detected TTY.
-
-Never colorize logs:
-
-```go
-func main() {
-    // Disable log's color
-    gin.DisableConsoleColor()
-
-    // Creates a gin router with default middleware:
-    // logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
-    router := gin.Default()
-
-    router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
-        c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
-    })
-
-    router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-Always colorize logs:
-
-```go
-func main() {
-    // Force log's color
-    gin.ForceConsoleColor()
-
-    // Creates a gin router with default middleware:
-    // logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
-    router := gin.Default()
-
-    router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
-        c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
-    })
-
-    router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Model binding and validation
-
-To bind a request body into a type, use model binding. We currently support binding of JSON, XML, YAML, TOML and standard form values (foo=bar&boo=baz).
-
-Gin uses [**go-playground/validator/v10**](https://github.com/go-playground/validator) for validation. Check the full docs on tags usage [here](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/go-playground/validator#hdr-Baked_In_Validators_and_Tags).
-
-Note that you need to set the corresponding binding tag on all fields you want to bind. For example, when binding from JSON, set `json:"fieldname"`.
-
-Also, Gin provides two sets of methods for binding:
-
-- **Type** - Must bind
-  - **Methods** - `Bind`, `BindJSON`, `BindXML`, `BindQuery`, `BindYAML`, `BindHeader`, `BindTOML`
-  - **Behavior** - These methods use `MustBindWith` under the hood. If there is a binding error, the request is aborted with `c.AbortWithError(400, err).SetType(ErrorTypeBind)`. This sets the response status code to 400 and the `Content-Type` header is set to `text/plain; charset=utf-8`. Note that if you try to set the response code after this, it will result in a warning `[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Headers were already written. Wanted to override status code 400 with 422`. If you wish to have greater control over the behavior, consider using the `ShouldBind` equivalent method.
-- **Type** - Should bind
-  - **Methods** - `ShouldBind`, `ShouldBindJSON`, `ShouldBindXML`, `ShouldBindQuery`, `ShouldBindYAML`, `ShouldBindHeader`, `ShouldBindTOML`,
-  - **Behavior** - These methods use `ShouldBindWith` under the hood. If there is a binding error, the error is returned and it is the developer's responsibility to handle the request and error appropriately.
-
-When using the Bind-method, Gin tries to infer the binder depending on the Content-Type header. If you are sure what you are binding, you can use `MustBindWith` or `ShouldBindWith`.
-
-You can also specify that specific fields are required. If a field is decorated with `binding:"required"` and has an empty value when binding, an error will be returned.
-
-```go
-// Binding from JSON
-type Login struct {
-  User     string `form:"user" json:"user" xml:"user"  binding:"required"`
-  Password string `form:"password" json:"password" xml:"password" binding:"required"`
-}
-
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-
-  // Example for binding JSON ({"user": "manu", "password": "123"})
-  router.POST("/loginJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    var json Login
-    if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&json); err != nil {
-      c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
-      return
-    }
-
-    if json.User != "manu" || json.Password != "123" {
-      c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
-      return
-    }
-
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
-  })
-
-  // Example for binding XML (
-  //  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-  //  <root>
-  //    <user>manu</user>
-  //    <password>123</password>
-  //  </root>)
-  router.POST("/loginXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    var xml Login
-    if err := c.ShouldBindXML(&xml); err != nil {
-      c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
-      return
-    }
-
-    if xml.User != "manu" || xml.Password != "123" {
-      c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
-      return
-    }
-
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
-  })
-
-  // Example for binding a HTML form (user=manu&password=123)
-  router.POST("/loginForm", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    var form Login
-    // This will infer what binder to use depending on the content-type header.
-    if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil {
-      c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
-      return
-    }
-
-    if form.User != "manu" || form.Password != "123" {
-      c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
-      return
-    }
-
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
-  })
-
-  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-Sample request
-
-```sh
-$ curl -v -X POST \
-  http://localhost:8080/loginJSON \
-  -H 'content-type: application/json' \
-  -d '{ "user": "manu" }'
-> POST /loginJSON HTTP/1.1
-> Host: localhost:8080
-> User-Agent: curl/7.51.0
-> Accept: */*
-> content-type: application/json
-> Content-Length: 18
->
-* upload completely sent off: 18 out of 18 bytes
-< HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
-< Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
-< Date: Fri, 04 Aug 2017 03:51:31 GMT
-< Content-Length: 100
-<
-{"error":"Key: 'Login.Password' Error:Field validation for 'Password' failed on the 'required' tag"}
-```
-
-Skip validate: when running the above example using the above the `curl` command, it returns error. Because the example use `binding:"required"` for `Password`. If use `binding:"-"` for `Password`, then it will not return error when running the above example again.
-
-### Custom Validators
-
-It is also possible to register custom validators. See the [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/custom-validation/server.go).
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-  "net/http"
-  "time"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
-  "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
-)
-
-// Booking contains binded and validated data.
-type Booking struct {
-  CheckIn  time.Time `form:"check_in" binding:"required,bookabledate" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
-  CheckOut time.Time `form:"check_out" binding:"required,gtfield=CheckIn" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
-}
-
-var bookableDate validator.Func = func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
-  date, ok := fl.Field().Interface().(time.Time)
-  if ok {
-    today := time.Now()
-    if today.After(date) {
-      return false
-    }
-  }
-  return true
-}
-
-func main() {
-  route := gin.Default()
-
-  if v, ok := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate); ok {
-    v.RegisterValidation("bookabledate", bookableDate)
-  }
-
-  route.GET("/bookable", getBookable)
-  route.Run(":8085")
-}
-
-func getBookable(c *gin.Context) {
-  var b Booking
-  if err := c.ShouldBindWith(&b, binding.Query); err == nil {
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "Booking dates are valid!"})
-  } else {
-    c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
-  }
-}
-```
-
-```console
-$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2030-04-16&check_out=2030-04-17"
-{"message":"Booking dates are valid!"}
-
-$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2030-03-10&check_out=2030-03-09"
-{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckOut' Error:Field validation for 'CheckOut' failed on the 'gtfield' tag"}
-
-$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2000-03-09&check_out=2000-03-10"
-{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckIn' Error:Field validation for 'CheckIn' failed on the 'bookabledate' tag"}%
-```
-
-[Struct level validations](https://github.com/go-playground/validator/releases/tag/v8.7) can also be registered this way.
-See the [struct-lvl-validation example](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/struct-lvl-validations) to learn more.
-
-### Only Bind Query String
-
-`ShouldBindQuery` function only binds the query params and not the post data. See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/742#issuecomment-315953017).
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-  "log"
-  "net/http"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-type Person struct {
-  Name    string `form:"name"`
-  Address string `form:"address"`
-}
-
-func main() {
-  route := gin.Default()
-  route.Any("/testing", startPage)
-  route.Run(":8085")
-}
-
-func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
-  var person Person
-  if c.ShouldBindQuery(&person) == nil {
-    log.Println("====== Only Bind By Query String ======")
-    log.Println(person.Name)
-    log.Println(person.Address)
-  }
-  c.String(http.StatusOK, "Success")
-}
-
-```
-
-### Bind Query String or Post Data
-
-See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/742#issuecomment-264681292).
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-  "log"
-  "net/http"
-  "time"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-type Person struct {
-        Name       string    `form:"name"`
-        Address    string    `form:"address"`
-        Birthday   time.Time `form:"birthday" time_format:"2006-01-02" time_utc:"1"`
-        CreateTime time.Time `form:"createTime" time_format:"unixNano"`
-        UnixTime   time.Time `form:"unixTime" time_format:"unix"`
-}
-
-func main() {
-  route := gin.Default()
-  route.GET("/testing", startPage)
-  route.Run(":8085")
-}
-
-func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
-  var person Person
-  // If `GET`, only `Form` binding engine (`query`) used.
-  // If `POST`, first checks the `content-type` for `JSON` or `XML`, then uses `Form` (`form-data`).
-  // See more at https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/binding/binding.go#L88
-        if c.ShouldBind(&person) == nil {
-                log.Println(person.Name)
-                log.Println(person.Address)
-                log.Println(person.Birthday)
-                log.Println(person.CreateTime)
-                log.Println(person.UnixTime)
-        }
-
-  c.String(http.StatusOK, "Success")
-}
-```
-
-Test it with:
-
-```sh
-curl -X GET "localhost:8085/testing?name=appleboy&address=xyz&birthday=1992-03-15&createTime=1562400033000000123&unixTime=1562400033"
-```
-
-### Bind Uri
-
-See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/846).
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-  "net/http"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-type Person struct {
-  ID string `uri:"id" binding:"required,uuid"`
-  Name string `uri:"name" binding:"required"`
-}
-
-func main() {
-  route := gin.Default()
-  route.GET("/:name/:id", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    var person Person
-    if err := c.ShouldBindUri(&person); err != nil {
-      c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"msg": err.Error()})
-      return
-    }
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"name": person.Name, "uuid": person.ID})
-  })
-  route.Run(":8088")
-}
-```
-
-Test it with:
-
-```sh
-curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/987fbc97-4bed-5078-9f07-9141ba07c9f3
-curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/not-uuid
-```
-
-### Bind Header
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-  "fmt"
-  "net/http"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-type testHeader struct {
-  Rate   int    `header:"Rate"`
-  Domain string `header:"Domain"`
-}
-
-func main() {
-  r := gin.Default()
-  r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    h := testHeader{}
-
-    if err := c.ShouldBindHeader(&h); err != nil {
-      c.JSON(http.StatusOK, err)
-    }
-
-    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", h)
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"Rate": h.Rate, "Domain": h.Domain})
-  })
-
-  r.Run()
-
-// client
-// curl -H "rate:300" -H "domain:music" 127.0.0.1:8080/
-// output
-// {"Domain":"music","Rate":300}
-}
-```
-
-### Bind HTML checkboxes
-
-See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/129#issuecomment-124260092)
-
-main.go
-
-```go
-...
-
-type myForm struct {
-    Colors []string `form:"colors[]"`
-}
-
-...
-
-func formHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-    var fakeForm myForm
-    c.ShouldBind(&fakeForm)
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"color": fakeForm.Colors})
-}
-
-...
-
-```
-
-form.html
-
-```html
-<form action="/" method="POST">
-    <p>Check some colors</p>
-    <label for="red">Red</label>
-    <input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="red" id="red">
-    <label for="green">Green</label>
-    <input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="green" id="green">
-    <label for="blue">Blue</label>
-    <input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="blue" id="blue">
-    <input type="submit">
-</form>
-```
-
-result:
-
-```json
-{"color":["red","green","blue"]}
-```
-
-### Multipart/Urlencoded binding
-
-```go
-type ProfileForm struct {
-  Name   string                `form:"name" binding:"required"`
-  Avatar *multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar" binding:"required"`
-
-  // or for multiple files
-  // Avatars []*multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar" binding:"required"`
-}
-
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-  router.POST("/profile", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    // you can bind multipart form with explicit binding declaration:
-    // c.ShouldBindWith(&form, binding.Form)
-    // or you can simply use autobinding with ShouldBind method:
-    var form ProfileForm
-    // in this case proper binding will be automatically selected
-    if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil {
-      c.String(http.StatusBadRequest, "bad request")
-      return
-    }
-
-    err := c.SaveUploadedFile(form.Avatar, form.Avatar.Filename)
-    if err != nil {
-      c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "unknown error")
-      return
-    }
-
-    // db.Save(&form)
-
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, "ok")
-  })
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-Test it with:
-
-```sh
-curl -X POST -v --form name=user --form "avatar=@./avatar.png" http://localhost:8080/profile
-```
-
-### XML, JSON, YAML, TOML and ProtoBuf rendering
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  r := gin.Default()
-
-  // gin.H is a shortcut for map[string]interface{}
-  r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
-  })
-
-  r.GET("/moreJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    // You also can use a struct
-    var msg struct {
-      Name    string `json:"user"`
-      Message string
-      Number  int
-    }
-    msg.Name = "Lena"
-    msg.Message = "hey"
-    msg.Number = 123
-    // Note that msg.Name becomes "user" in the JSON
-    // Will output  :   {"user": "Lena", "Message": "hey", "Number": 123}
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, msg)
-  })
-
-  r.GET("/someXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.XML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
-  })
-
-  r.GET("/someYAML", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.YAML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
-  })
-
-  r.GET("/someTOML", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.TOML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
-  })
-
-  r.GET("/someProtoBuf", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    reps := []int64{int64(1), int64(2)}
-    label := "test"
-    // The specific definition of protobuf is written in the testdata/protoexample file.
-    data := &protoexample.Test{
-      Label: &label,
-      Reps:  reps,
-    }
-    // Note that data becomes binary data in the response
-    // Will output protoexample.Test protobuf serialized data
-    c.ProtoBuf(http.StatusOK, data)
-  })
-
-  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
-  r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-#### SecureJSON
-
-Using SecureJSON to prevent json hijacking. Default prepends `"while(1),"` to response body if the given struct is array values.
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  r := gin.Default()
-
-  // You can also use your own secure json prefix
-  // r.SecureJsonPrefix(")]}',\n")
-
-  r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    names := []string{"lena", "austin", "foo"}
-
-    // Will output  :   while(1);["lena","austin","foo"]
-    c.SecureJSON(http.StatusOK, names)
-  })
-
-  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
-  r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-#### JSONP
-
-Using JSONP to request data from a server  in a different domain. Add callback to response body if the query parameter callback exists.
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  r := gin.Default()
-
-  r.GET("/JSONP", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    data := gin.H{
-      "foo": "bar",
-    }
-
-    //callback is x
-    // Will output  :   x({\"foo\":\"bar\"})
-    c.JSONP(http.StatusOK, data)
-  })
-
-  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
-  r.Run(":8080")
-
-        // client
-        // curl http://127.0.0.1:8080/JSONP?callback=x
-}
-```
-
-#### AsciiJSON
-
-Using AsciiJSON to Generates ASCII-only JSON with escaped non-ASCII characters.
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  r := gin.Default()
-
-  r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    data := gin.H{
-      "lang": "GO语言",
-      "tag":  "<br>",
-    }
-
-    // will output : {"lang":"GO\u8bed\u8a00","tag":"\u003cbr\u003e"}
-    c.AsciiJSON(http.StatusOK, data)
-  })
-
-  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
-  r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-#### PureJSON
-
-Normally, JSON replaces special HTML characters with their unicode entities, e.g. `<` becomes  `\u003c`. If you want to encode such characters literally, you can use PureJSON instead.
-This feature is unavailable in Go 1.6 and lower.
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  r := gin.Default()
-
-  // Serves unicode entities
-  r.GET("/json", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
-      "html": "<b>Hello, world!</b>",
-    })
-  })
-
-  // Serves literal characters
-  r.GET("/purejson", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.PureJSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
-      "html": "<b>Hello, world!</b>",
-    })
-  })
-
-  // listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
-  r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Serving static files
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-  router.Static("/assets", "./assets")
-  router.StaticFS("/more_static", http.Dir("my_file_system"))
-  router.StaticFile("/favicon.ico", "./resources/favicon.ico")
-  router.StaticFileFS("/more_favicon.ico", "more_favicon.ico", http.Dir("my_file_system"))
-  
-  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Serving data from file
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-
-  router.GET("/local/file", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.File("local/file.go")
-  })
-
-  var fs http.FileSystem = // ...
-  router.GET("/fs/file", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.FileFromFS("fs/file.go", fs)
-  })
-}
-
-```
-
-### Serving data from reader
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-  router.GET("/someDataFromReader", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    response, err := http.Get("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gin-gonic/logo/master/color.png")
-    if err != nil || response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-      c.Status(http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
-      return
-    }
-
-    reader := response.Body
-     defer reader.Close()
-    contentLength := response.ContentLength
-    contentType := response.Header.Get("Content-Type")
-
-    extraHeaders := map[string]string{
-      "Content-Disposition": `attachment; filename="gopher.png"`,
-    }
-
-    c.DataFromReader(http.StatusOK, contentLength, contentType, reader, extraHeaders)
-  })
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### HTML rendering
-
-Using LoadHTMLGlob() or LoadHTMLFiles()
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-  router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/*")
-  //router.LoadHTMLFiles("templates/template1.html", "templates/template2.html")
-  router.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", gin.H{
-      "title": "Main website",
-    })
-  })
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-templates/index.tmpl
-
-```html
-<html>
-  <h1>
-    {{ .title }}
-  </h1>
-</html>
-```
-
-Using templates with same name in different directories
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-  router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/**/*")
-  router.GET("/posts/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "posts/index.tmpl", gin.H{
-      "title": "Posts",
-    })
-  })
-  router.GET("/users/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "users/index.tmpl", gin.H{
-      "title": "Users",
-    })
-  })
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-templates/posts/index.tmpl
-
-```html
-{{ define "posts/index.tmpl" }}
-<html><h1>
-  {{ .title }}
-</h1>
-<p>Using posts/index.tmpl</p>
-</html>
-{{ end }}
-```
-
-templates/users/index.tmpl
-
-```html
-{{ define "users/index.tmpl" }}
-<html><h1>
-  {{ .title }}
-</h1>
-<p>Using users/index.tmpl</p>
-</html>
-{{ end }}
-```
-
-#### Custom Template renderer
-
-You can also use your own html template render
-
-```go
-import "html/template"
-
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-  html := template.Must(template.ParseFiles("file1", "file2"))
-  router.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-#### Custom Delimiters
-
-You may use custom delims
-
-```go
-  r := gin.Default()
-  r.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
-  r.LoadHTMLGlob("/path/to/templates")
-```
-
-#### Custom Template Funcs
-
-See the detail [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/template).
-
-main.go
-
-```go
-import (
-    "fmt"
-    "html/template"
-    "net/http"
-    "time"
-
-    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-func formatAsDate(t time.Time) string {
-    year, month, day := t.Date()
-    return fmt.Sprintf("%d/%02d/%02d", year, month, day)
-}
-
-func main() {
-    router := gin.Default()
-    router.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
-    router.SetFuncMap(template.FuncMap{
-        "formatAsDate": formatAsDate,
-    })
-    router.LoadHTMLFiles("./testdata/template/raw.tmpl")
-
-    router.GET("/raw", func(c *gin.Context) {
-        c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "raw.tmpl", gin.H{
-            "now": time.Date(2017, 07, 01, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-        })
-    })
-
-    router.Run(":8080")
-}
-
-```
-
-raw.tmpl
-
-```html
-Date: {[{.now | formatAsDate}]}
-```
-
-Result:
-
-```sh
-Date: 2017/07/01
-```
-
-### Multitemplate
-
-Gin allow by default use only one html.Template. Check [a multitemplate render](https://github.com/gin-contrib/multitemplate) for using features like go 1.6 `block template`.
-
-### Redirects
-
-Issuing a HTTP redirect is easy. Both internal and external locations are supported.
-
-```go
-r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
-  c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, "http://www.google.com/")
-})
-```
-
-Issuing a HTTP redirect from POST. Refer to issue: [#444](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/444)
-
-```go
-r.POST("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
-  c.Redirect(http.StatusFound, "/foo")
-})
-```
-
-Issuing a Router redirect, use `HandleContext` like below.
-
-``` go
-r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.Request.URL.Path = "/test2"
-    r.HandleContext(c)
-})
-r.GET("/test2", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"hello": "world"})
-})
-```
-
-### Custom Middleware
-
-```go
-func Logger() gin.HandlerFunc {
-  return func(c *gin.Context) {
-    t := time.Now()
-
-    // Set example variable
-    c.Set("example", "12345")
-
-    // before request
-
-    c.Next()
-
-    // after request
-    latency := time.Since(t)
-    log.Print(latency)
-
-    // access the status we are sending
-    status := c.Writer.Status()
-    log.Println(status)
-  }
-}
-
-func main() {
-  r := gin.New()
-  r.Use(Logger())
-
-  r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    example := c.MustGet("example").(string)
-
-    // it would print: "12345"
-    log.Println(example)
-  })
-
-  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
-  r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Using BasicAuth() middleware
-
-```go
-// simulate some private data
-var secrets = gin.H{
-  "foo":    gin.H{"email": "foo@bar.com", "phone": "123433"},
-  "austin": gin.H{"email": "austin@example.com", "phone": "666"},
-  "lena":   gin.H{"email": "lena@guapa.com", "phone": "523443"},
-}
-
-func main() {
-  r := gin.Default()
-
-  // Group using gin.BasicAuth() middleware
-  // gin.Accounts is a shortcut for map[string]string
-  authorized := r.Group("/admin", gin.BasicAuth(gin.Accounts{
-    "foo":    "bar",
-    "austin": "1234",
-    "lena":   "hello2",
-    "manu":   "4321",
-  }))
-
-  // /admin/secrets endpoint
-  // hit "localhost:8080/admin/secrets
-  authorized.GET("/secrets", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    // get user, it was set by the BasicAuth middleware
-    user := c.MustGet(gin.AuthUserKey).(string)
-    if secret, ok := secrets[user]; ok {
-      c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": secret})
-    } else {
-      c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": "NO SECRET :("})
-    }
-  })
-
-  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
-  r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Goroutines inside a middleware
-
-When starting new Goroutines inside a middleware or handler, you **SHOULD NOT** use the original context inside it, you have to use a read-only copy.
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  r := gin.Default()
-
-  r.GET("/long_async", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    // create copy to be used inside the goroutine
-    cCp := c.Copy()
-    go func() {
-      // simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
-      time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
-
-      // note that you are using the copied context "cCp", IMPORTANT
-      log.Println("Done! in path " + cCp.Request.URL.Path)
-    }()
-  })
-
-  r.GET("/long_sync", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    // simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
-    time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
-
-    // since we are NOT using a goroutine, we do not have to copy the context
-    log.Println("Done! in path " + c.Request.URL.Path)
-  })
-
-  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
-  r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-### Custom HTTP configuration
-
-Use `http.ListenAndServe()` directly, like this:
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-  http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router)
-}
-```
-
-or
-
-```go
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-
-  s := &http.Server{
-    Addr:           ":8080",
-    Handler:        router,
-    ReadTimeout:    10 * time.Second,
-    WriteTimeout:   10 * time.Second,
-    MaxHeaderBytes: 1 << 20,
-  }
-  s.ListenAndServe()
-}
-```
-
-### Support Let's Encrypt
-
-example for 1-line LetsEncrypt HTTPS servers.
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-  "log"
-  "net/http"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-func main() {
-  r := gin.Default()
-
-  // Ping handler
-  r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
-  })
-
-  log.Fatal(autotls.Run(r, "example1.com", "example2.com"))
-}
-```
-
-example for custom autocert manager.
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-  "log"
-  "net/http"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-  "golang.org/x/crypto/acme/autocert"
-)
-
-func main() {
-  r := gin.Default()
-
-  // Ping handler
-  r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
-  })
-
-  m := autocert.Manager{
-    Prompt:     autocert.AcceptTOS,
-    HostPolicy: autocert.HostWhitelist("example1.com", "example2.com"),
-    Cache:      autocert.DirCache("/var/www/.cache"),
-  }
-
-  log.Fatal(autotls.RunWithManager(r, &m))
-}
-```
-
-### Run multiple service using Gin
-
-See the [question](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/346) and try the following example:
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-  "log"
-  "net/http"
-  "time"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-  "golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
-)
-
-var (
-  g errgroup.Group
-)
-
-func router01() http.Handler {
-  e := gin.New()
-  e.Use(gin.Recovery())
-  e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.JSON(
-      http.StatusOK,
-      gin.H{
-        "code":  http.StatusOK,
-        "error": "Welcome server 01",
-      },
-    )
-  })
-
-  return e
-}
-
-func router02() http.Handler {
-  e := gin.New()
-  e.Use(gin.Recovery())
-  e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.JSON(
-      http.StatusOK,
-      gin.H{
-        "code":  http.StatusOK,
-        "error": "Welcome server 02",
-      },
-    )
-  })
-
-  return e
-}
-
-func main() {
-  server01 := &http.Server{
-    Addr:         ":8080",
-    Handler:      router01(),
-    ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
-    WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
-  }
-
-  server02 := &http.Server{
-    Addr:         ":8081",
-    Handler:      router02(),
-    ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
-    WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
-  }
-
-  g.Go(func() error {
-    err := server01.ListenAndServe()
-    if err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
-      log.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    return err
-  })
-
-  g.Go(func() error {
-    err := server02.ListenAndServe()
-    if err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
-      log.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    return err
-  })
-
-  if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
-    log.Fatal(err)
-  }
-}
-```
-
-### Graceful shutdown or restart
-
-There are a few approaches you can use to perform a graceful shutdown or restart. You can make use of third-party packages specifically built for that, or you can manually do the same with the functions and methods from the built-in packages.
-
-#### Third-party packages
-
-We can use [fvbock/endless](https://github.com/fvbock/endless) to replace the default `ListenAndServe`. Refer to issue [#296](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/296) for more details.
-
-```go
-router := gin.Default()
-router.GET("/", handler)
-// [...]
-endless.ListenAndServe(":4242", router)
-```
-
-Alternatives:
-
-* [grace](https://github.com/facebookgo/grace): Graceful restart & zero downtime deploy for Go servers.
-* [graceful](https://github.com/tylerb/graceful): Graceful is a Go package enabling graceful shutdown of an http.Handler server.
-* [manners](https://github.com/braintree/manners): A polite Go HTTP server that shuts down gracefully.
-
-#### Manually
-
-In case you are using Go 1.8 or a later version, you may not need to use those libraries. Consider using `http.Server`'s built-in [Shutdown()](https://pkg.go.dev/net/http#Server.Shutdown) method for graceful shutdowns. The example below describes its usage, and we've got more examples using gin [here](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/graceful-shutdown).
-
-```go
-// +build go1.8
-
-package main
-
-import (
-  "context"
-  "log"
-  "net/http"
-  "os"
-  "os/signal"
-  "syscall"
-  "time"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-  router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, "Welcome Gin Server")
-  })
-
-  srv := &http.Server{
-    Addr:    ":8080",
-    Handler: router,
-  }
-
-  // Initializing the server in a goroutine so that
-  // it won't block the graceful shutdown handling below
-  go func() {
-    if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
-      log.Printf("listen: %s\n", err)
-    }
-  }()
-
-  // Wait for interrupt signal to gracefully shutdown the server with
-  // a timeout of 5 seconds.
-  quit := make(chan os.Signal)
-  // kill (no param) default send syscall.SIGTERM
-  // kill -2 is syscall.SIGINT
-  // kill -9 is syscall.SIGKILL but can't be caught, so don't need to add it
-  signal.Notify(quit, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
-  <-quit
-  log.Println("Shutting down server...")
-
-  // The context is used to inform the server it has 5 seconds to finish
-  // the request it is currently handling
-  ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
-  defer cancel()
-
-  if err := srv.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
-    log.Fatal("Server forced to shutdown:", err)
-  }
-
-  log.Println("Server exiting")
-}
-```
-
-### Build a single binary with templates
-
-You can build a server into a single binary containing templates by using the [embed](https://pkg.go.dev/embed) package.
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-  "embed"
-  "html/template"
-  "net/http"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-//go:embed assets/* templates/*
-var f embed.FS
-
-func main() {
-  router := gin.Default()
-  templ := template.Must(template.New("").ParseFS(f, "templates/*.tmpl", "templates/foo/*.tmpl"))
-  router.SetHTMLTemplate(templ)
-
-  // example: /public/assets/images/example.png
-  router.StaticFS("/public", http.FS(f))
-
-  router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", gin.H{
-      "title": "Main website",
-    })
-  })
-
-  router.GET("/foo", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "bar.tmpl", gin.H{
-      "title": "Foo website",
-    })
-  })
-
-  router.GET("favicon.ico", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    file, _ := f.ReadFile("assets/favicon.ico")
-    c.Data(
-      http.StatusOK,
-      "image/x-icon",
-      file,
-    )
-  })
-
-  router.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-See a complete example in the `https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/assets-in-binary/example02` directory.
-
-### Bind form-data request with custom struct
-
-The follow example using custom struct:
-
-```go
-type StructA struct {
-    FieldA string `form:"field_a"`
-}
-
-type StructB struct {
-    NestedStruct StructA
-    FieldB string `form:"field_b"`
-}
-
-type StructC struct {
-    NestedStructPointer *StructA
-    FieldC string `form:"field_c"`
-}
-
-type StructD struct {
-    NestedAnonyStruct struct {
-        FieldX string `form:"field_x"`
-    }
-    FieldD string `form:"field_d"`
-}
-
-func GetDataB(c *gin.Context) {
-    var b StructB
-    c.Bind(&b)
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
-        "a": b.NestedStruct,
-        "b": b.FieldB,
-    })
-}
-
-func GetDataC(c *gin.Context) {
-    var b StructC
-    c.Bind(&b)
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
-        "a": b.NestedStructPointer,
-        "c": b.FieldC,
-    })
-}
-
-func GetDataD(c *gin.Context) {
-    var b StructD
-    c.Bind(&b)
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
-        "x": b.NestedAnonyStruct,
-        "d": b.FieldD,
-    })
-}
-
-func main() {
-    r := gin.Default()
-    r.GET("/getb", GetDataB)
-    r.GET("/getc", GetDataC)
-    r.GET("/getd", GetDataD)
-
-    r.Run()
-}
-```
-
-Using the command `curl` command result:
-
-```sh
-$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getb?field_a=hello&field_b=world"
-{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"b":"world"}
-$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getc?field_a=hello&field_c=world"
-{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"c":"world"}
-$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getd?field_x=hello&field_d=world"
-{"d":"world","x":{"FieldX":"hello"}}
-```
-
-### Try to bind body into different structs
-
-The normal methods for binding request body consumes `c.Request.Body` and they
-cannot be called multiple times.
-
-```go
-type formA struct {
-  Foo string `json:"foo" xml:"foo" binding:"required"`
-}
-
-type formB struct {
-  Bar string `json:"bar" xml:"bar" binding:"required"`
-}
-
-func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-  objA := formA{}
-  objB := formB{}
-  // This c.ShouldBind consumes c.Request.Body and it cannot be reused.
-  if errA := c.ShouldBind(&objA); errA == nil {
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
-  // Always an error is occurred by this because c.Request.Body is EOF now.
-  } else if errB := c.ShouldBind(&objB); errB == nil {
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB`)
-  } else {
-    ...
-  }
-}
-```
-
-For this, you can use `c.ShouldBindBodyWith`.
-
-```go
-func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-  objA := formA{}
-  objB := formB{}
-  // This reads c.Request.Body and stores the result into the context.
-  if errA := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objA, binding.Form); errA == nil {
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
-  // At this time, it reuses body stored in the context.
-  } else if errB := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.JSON); errB == nil {
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB JSON`)
-  // And it can accepts other formats
-  } else if errB2 := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.XML); errB2 == nil {
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB XML`)
-  } else {
-    ...
-  }
-}
-```
-
-1. `c.ShouldBindBodyWith` stores body into the context before binding. This has
-a slight impact to performance, so you should not use this method if you are
-enough to call binding at once.
-2. This feature is only needed for some formats -- `JSON`, `XML`, `MsgPack`,
-`ProtoBuf`. For other formats, `Query`, `Form`, `FormPost`, `FormMultipart`,
-can be called by `c.ShouldBind()` multiple times without any damage to
-performance (See [#1341](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/1341)).
-
-### Bind form-data request with custom struct and custom tag
-
-```go
-const (
-  customerTag = "url"
-  defaultMemory = 32 << 20
-)
-
-type customerBinding struct {}
-
-func (customerBinding) Name() string {
-  return "form"
-}
-
-func (customerBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj interface{}) error {
-  if err := req.ParseForm(); err != nil {
-    return err
-  }
-  if err := req.ParseMultipartForm(defaultMemory); err != nil {
-    if err != http.ErrNotMultipart {
-      return err
-    }
-  }
-  if err := binding.MapFormWithTag(obj, req.Form, customerTag); err != nil {
-    return err
-  }
-  return validate(obj)
-}
-
-func validate(obj interface{}) error {
-  if binding.Validator == nil {
-    return nil
-  }
-  return binding.Validator.ValidateStruct(obj)
-}
-
-// Now we can do this!!!
-// FormA is an external type that we can't modify it's tag
-type FormA struct {
-  FieldA string `url:"field_a"`
-}
-
-func ListHandler(s *Service) func(ctx *gin.Context) {
-  return func(ctx *gin.Context) {
-    var urlBinding = customerBinding{}
-    var opt FormA
-    err := ctx.MustBindWith(&opt, urlBinding)
-    if err != nil {
-      ...
-    }
-    ...
-  }
-}
-```
-
-### http2 server push
-
-http.Pusher is supported only **go1.8+**. See the [golang blog](https://go.dev/blog/h2push) for detail information.
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-  "html/template"
-  "log"
-  "net/http"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-var html = template.Must(template.New("https").Parse(`
-<html>
-<head>
-  <title>Https Test</title>
-  <script src="/assets/app.js"></script>
-</head>
-<body>
-  <h1 style="color:red;">Welcome, Ginner!</h1>
-</body>
-</html>
-`))
-
-func main() {
-  r := gin.Default()
-  r.Static("/assets", "./assets")
-  r.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
-
-  r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    if pusher := c.Writer.Pusher(); pusher != nil {
-      // use pusher.Push() to do server push
-      if err := pusher.Push("/assets/app.js", nil); err != nil {
-        log.Printf("Failed to push: %v", err)
-      }
-    }
-    c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "https", gin.H{
-      "status": "success",
-    })
-  })
-
-  // Listen and Server in https://127.0.0.1:8080
-  r.RunTLS(":8080", "./testdata/server.pem", "./testdata/server.key")
-}
-```
-
-### Define format for the log of routes
-
-The default log of routes is:
-
-```sh
-[GIN-debug] POST   /foo                      --> main.main.func1 (3 handlers)
-[GIN-debug] GET    /bar                      --> main.main.func2 (3 handlers)
-[GIN-debug] GET    /status                   --> main.main.func3 (3 handlers)
-```
-
-If you want to log this information in given format (e.g. JSON, key values or something else), then you can define this format with `gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc`.
-In the example below, we log all routes with standard log package but you can use another log tools that suits of your needs.
-
-```go
-import (
-  "log"
-  "net/http"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-func main() {
-  r := gin.Default()
-  gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc = func(httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName string, nuHandlers int) {
-    log.Printf("endpoint %v %v %v %v\n", httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName, nuHandlers)
-  }
-
-  r.POST("/foo", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "foo")
-  })
-
-  r.GET("/bar", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "bar")
-  })
-
-  r.GET("/status", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "ok")
-  })
-
-  // Listen and Server in http://0.0.0.0:8080
-  r.Run()
-}
-```
-
-### Set and get a cookie
-
-```go
-import (
-    "fmt"
-
-    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-func main() {
-
-    router := gin.Default()
-
-    router.GET("/cookie", func(c *gin.Context) {
-
-        cookie, err := c.Cookie("gin_cookie")
-
-        if err != nil {
-            cookie = "NotSet"
-            c.SetCookie("gin_cookie", "test", 3600, "/", "localhost", false, true)
-        }
-
-        fmt.Printf("Cookie value: %s \n", cookie)
-    })
-
-    router.Run()
-}
-```
-
-## Don't trust all proxies
-
-Gin lets you specify which headers to hold the real client IP (if any),
-as well as specifying which proxies (or direct clients) you trust to
-specify one of these headers.
-
-Use function `SetTrustedProxies()` on your `gin.Engine` to specify network addresses
-or network CIDRs from where clients which their request headers related to client
-IP can be trusted. They can be IPv4 addresses, IPv4 CIDRs, IPv6 addresses or
-IPv6 CIDRs.
-
-**Attention:** Gin trust all proxies by default if you don't specify a trusted 
-proxy using the function above, **this is NOT safe**. At the same time, if you don't
-use any proxy, you can disable this feature by using `Engine.SetTrustedProxies(nil)`,
-then `Context.ClientIP()` will return the remote address directly to avoid some
-unnecessary computation.
-
-```go
-import (
-  "fmt"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-func main() {
-
-  router := gin.Default()
-  router.SetTrustedProxies([]string{"192.168.1.2"})
-
-  router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    // If the client is 192.168.1.2, use the X-Forwarded-For
-    // header to deduce the original client IP from the trust-
-    // worthy parts of that header.
-    // Otherwise, simply return the direct client IP
-    fmt.Printf("ClientIP: %s\n", c.ClientIP())
-  })
-  router.Run()
-}
-```
-
-**Notice:** If you are using a CDN service, you can set the `Engine.TrustedPlatform`
-to skip TrustedProxies check, it has a higher priority than TrustedProxies. 
-Look at the example below:
-
-```go
-import (
-  "fmt"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-func main() {
-
-  router := gin.Default()
-  // Use predefined header gin.PlatformXXX
-  router.TrustedPlatform = gin.PlatformGoogleAppEngine
-  // Or set your own trusted request header for another trusted proxy service
-  // Don't set it to any suspect request header, it's unsafe
-  router.TrustedPlatform = "X-CDN-IP"
-
-  router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    // If you set TrustedPlatform, ClientIP() will resolve the
-    // corresponding header and return IP directly
-    fmt.Printf("ClientIP: %s\n", c.ClientIP())
-  })
-  router.Run()
-}
-```
-
-## Testing
-
-The `net/http/httptest` package is preferable way for HTTP testing.
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-  "net/http"
-
-  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-)
-
-func setupRouter() *gin.Engine {
-  r := gin.Default()
-  r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
-    c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
-  })
-  return r
-}
-
-func main() {
-  r := setupRouter()
-  r.Run(":8080")
-}
-```
-
-Test for code example above:
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-  "net/http"
-  "net/http/httptest"
-  "testing"
-
-  "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-func TestPingRoute(t *testing.T) {
-  router := setupRouter()
-
-  w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-  req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/ping", nil)
-  router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
-
-  assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
-  assert.Equal(t, "pong", w.Body.String())
-}
-```
 
 ## Users
 
@@ -2380,3 +171,10 @@ Awesome project lists using [Gin](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin) web framewor
 * [picfit](https://github.com/thoas/picfit): An image resizing server written in Go.
 * [brigade](https://github.com/brigadecore/brigade): Event-based Scripting for Kubernetes.
 * [dkron](https://github.com/distribworks/dkron): Distributed, fault tolerant job scheduling system.
+
+
+## Contributing
+
+Gin is the work of hundreds of contributors. We appreciate your help!
+
+Please see [CONTRIBUTING](CONTRIBUTING.md) for details on submitting patches and the contribution workflow.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/doc.md b/docs/doc.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..008a91d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/doc.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2246 @@
+# Gin Quick Start
+
+## Contents
+
+- [Build Tags](#build-tags)
+  - [Build with json replacement](#build-with-json-replacement)
+  - [Build without `MsgPack` rendering feature](#build-without-msgpack-rendering-feature)
+- [API Examples](#api-examples)
+  - [Using GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE and OPTIONS](#using-get-post-put-patch-delete-and-options)
+  - [Parameters in path](#parameters-in-path)
+  - [Querystring parameters](#querystring-parameters)
+  - [Multipart/Urlencoded Form](#multiparturlencoded-form)
+  - [Another example: query + post form](#another-example-query--post-form)
+  - [Map as querystring or postform parameters](#map-as-querystring-or-postform-parameters)
+  - [Upload files](#upload-files)
+    - [Single file](#single-file)
+    - [Multiple files](#multiple-files)
+  - [Grouping routes](#grouping-routes)
+  - [Blank Gin without middleware by default](#blank-gin-without-middleware-by-default)
+  - [Using middleware](#using-middleware)
+  - [Custom Recovery behavior](#custom-recovery-behavior)
+  - [How to write log file](#how-to-write-log-file)
+  - [Custom Log Format](#custom-log-format)
+  - [Controlling Log output coloring](#controlling-log-output-coloring)
+  - [Model binding and validation](#model-binding-and-validation)
+  - [Custom Validators](#custom-validators)
+  - [Only Bind Query String](#only-bind-query-string)
+  - [Bind Query String or Post Data](#bind-query-string-or-post-data)
+  - [Bind Uri](#bind-uri)
+  - [Bind Header](#bind-header)
+  - [Bind HTML checkboxes](#bind-html-checkboxes)
+  - [Multipart/Urlencoded binding](#multiparturlencoded-binding)
+  - [XML, JSON, YAML, TOML and ProtoBuf rendering](#xml-json-yaml-toml-and-protobuf-rendering)
+    - [SecureJSON](#securejson)
+    - [JSONP](#jsonp)
+    - [AsciiJSON](#asciijson)
+    - [PureJSON](#purejson)
+  - [Serving static files](#serving-static-files)
+  - [Serving data from file](#serving-data-from-file)
+  - [Serving data from reader](#serving-data-from-reader)
+  - [HTML rendering](#html-rendering)
+    - [Custom Template renderer](#custom-template-renderer)
+    - [Custom Delimiters](#custom-delimiters)
+    - [Custom Template Funcs](#custom-template-funcs)
+  - [Multitemplate](#multitemplate)
+  - [Redirects](#redirects)
+  - [Custom Middleware](#custom-middleware)
+  - [Using BasicAuth() middleware](#using-basicauth-middleware)
+  - [Goroutines inside a middleware](#goroutines-inside-a-middleware)
+  - [Custom HTTP configuration](#custom-http-configuration)
+  - [Support Let's Encrypt](#support-lets-encrypt)
+  - [Run multiple service using Gin](#run-multiple-service-using-gin)
+  - [Graceful shutdown or restart](#graceful-shutdown-or-restart)
+    - [Third-party packages](#third-party-packages)
+    - [Manually](#manually)
+  - [Build a single binary with templates](#build-a-single-binary-with-templates)
+  - [Bind form-data request with custom struct](#bind-form-data-request-with-custom-struct)
+  - [Try to bind body into different structs](#try-to-bind-body-into-different-structs)
+  - [Bind form-data request with custom struct and custom tag](#bind-form-data-request-with-custom-struct-and-custom-tag)
+  - [http2 server push](#http2-server-push)
+  - [Define format for the log of routes](#define-format-for-the-log-of-routes)
+  - [Set and get a cookie](#set-and-get-a-cookie)
+- [Don't trust all proxies](#dont-trust-all-proxies)
+- [Testing](#testing)
+
+## Build tags
+
+### Build with json replacement
+
+Gin uses `encoding/json` as default json package but you can change it by build from other tags.
+
+[jsoniter](https://github.com/json-iterator/go)
+
+```sh
+go build -tags=jsoniter .
+```
+
+[go-json](https://github.com/goccy/go-json)
+
+```sh
+go build -tags=go_json .
+```
+
+[sonic](https://github.com/bytedance/sonic) (you have to ensure that your cpu support avx instruction.)
+
+```sh
+$ go build -tags="sonic avx" .
+```
+
+### Build without `MsgPack` rendering feature
+
+Gin enables `MsgPack` rendering feature by default. But you can disable this feature by specifying `nomsgpack` build tag.
+
+```sh
+go build -tags=nomsgpack .
+```
+
+This is useful to reduce the binary size of executable files. See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/1852).
+
+## API Examples
+
+You can find a number of ready-to-run examples at [Gin examples repository](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples).
+
+### Using GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE and OPTIONS
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  // Creates a gin router with default middleware:
+  // logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
+  router := gin.Default()
+
+  router.GET("/someGet", getting)
+  router.POST("/somePost", posting)
+  router.PUT("/somePut", putting)
+  router.DELETE("/someDelete", deleting)
+  router.PATCH("/somePatch", patching)
+  router.HEAD("/someHead", head)
+  router.OPTIONS("/someOptions", options)
+
+  // By default it serves on :8080 unless a
+  // PORT environment variable was defined.
+  router.Run()
+  // router.Run(":3000") for a hard coded port
+}
+```
+
+### Parameters in path
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+
+  // This handler will match /user/john but will not match /user/ or /user
+  router.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    name := c.Param("name")
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s", name)
+  })
+
+  // However, this one will match /user/john/ and also /user/john/send
+  // If no other routers match /user/john, it will redirect to /user/john/
+  router.GET("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    name := c.Param("name")
+    action := c.Param("action")
+    message := name + " is " + action
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, message)
+  })
+
+  // For each matched request Context will hold the route definition
+  router.POST("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    b := c.FullPath() == "/user/:name/*action" // true
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, "%t", b)
+  })
+
+  // This handler will add a new router for /user/groups.
+  // Exact routes are resolved before param routes, regardless of the order they were defined.
+  // Routes starting with /user/groups are never interpreted as /user/:name/... routes
+  router.GET("/user/groups", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, "The available groups are [...]")
+  })
+
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Querystring parameters
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+
+  // Query string parameters are parsed using the existing underlying request object.
+  // The request responds to an url matching:  /welcome?firstname=Jane&lastname=Doe
+  router.GET("/welcome", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    firstname := c.DefaultQuery("firstname", "Guest")
+    lastname := c.Query("lastname") // shortcut for c.Request.URL.Query().Get("lastname")
+
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s %s", firstname, lastname)
+  })
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Multipart/Urlencoded Form
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+
+  router.POST("/form_post", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    message := c.PostForm("message")
+    nick := c.DefaultPostForm("nick", "anonymous")
+
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
+      "status":  "posted",
+      "message": message,
+      "nick":    nick,
+    })
+  })
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Another example: query + post form
+
+```sh
+POST /post?id=1234&page=1 HTTP/1.1
+Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
+
+name=manu&message=this_is_great
+```
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+
+  router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {
+
+    id := c.Query("id")
+    page := c.DefaultQuery("page", "0")
+    name := c.PostForm("name")
+    message := c.PostForm("message")
+
+    fmt.Printf("id: %s; page: %s; name: %s; message: %s", id, page, name, message)
+  })
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+```sh
+id: 1234; page: 1; name: manu; message: this_is_great
+```
+
+### Map as querystring or postform parameters
+
+```sh
+POST /post?ids[a]=1234&ids[b]=hello HTTP/1.1
+Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
+
+names[first]=thinkerou&names[second]=tianou
+```
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+
+  router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {
+
+    ids := c.QueryMap("ids")
+    names := c.PostFormMap("names")
+
+    fmt.Printf("ids: %v; names: %v", ids, names)
+  })
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+```sh
+ids: map[b:hello a:1234]; names: map[second:tianou first:thinkerou]
+```
+
+### Upload files
+
+#### Single file
+
+References issue [#774](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/774) and detail [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/upload-file/single).
+
+`file.Filename` **SHOULD NOT** be trusted. See [`Content-Disposition` on MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Disposition#Directives) and [#1693](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/1693)
+
+> The filename is always optional and must not be used blindly by the application: path information should be stripped, and conversion to the server file system rules should be done.
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+  // Set a lower memory limit for multipart forms (default is 32 MiB)
+  router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20  // 8 MiB
+  router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    // Single file
+    file, _ := c.FormFile("file")
+    log.Println(file.Filename)
+
+    // Upload the file to specific dst.
+    c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)
+
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("'%s' uploaded!", file.Filename))
+  })
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+How to `curl`:
+
+```bash
+curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \
+  -F "file=@/Users/appleboy/test.zip" \
+  -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"
+```
+
+#### Multiple files
+
+See the detail [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/upload-file/multiple).
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+  // Set a lower memory limit for multipart forms (default is 32 MiB)
+  router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20  // 8 MiB
+  router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    // Multipart form
+    form, _ := c.MultipartForm()
+    files := form.File["upload[]"]
+
+    for _, file := range files {
+      log.Println(file.Filename)
+
+      // Upload the file to specific dst.
+      c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)
+    }
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("%d files uploaded!", len(files)))
+  })
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+How to `curl`:
+
+```bash
+curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \
+  -F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test1.zip" \
+  -F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test2.zip" \
+  -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"
+```
+
+### Grouping routes
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+
+  // Simple group: v1
+  v1 := router.Group("/v1")
+  {
+    v1.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
+    v1.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
+    v1.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
+  }
+
+  // Simple group: v2
+  v2 := router.Group("/v2")
+  {
+    v2.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
+    v2.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
+    v2.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
+  }
+
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Blank Gin without middleware by default
+
+Use
+
+```go
+r := gin.New()
+```
+
+instead of
+
+```go
+// Default With the Logger and Recovery middleware already attached
+r := gin.Default()
+```
+
+### Using middleware
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  // Creates a router without any middleware by default
+  r := gin.New()
+
+  // Global middleware
+  // Logger middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter even if you set with GIN_MODE=release.
+  // By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
+  r.Use(gin.Logger())
+
+  // Recovery middleware recovers from any panics and writes a 500 if there was one.
+  r.Use(gin.Recovery())
+
+  // Per route middleware, you can add as many as you desire.
+  r.GET("/benchmark", MyBenchLogger(), benchEndpoint)
+
+  // Authorization group
+  // authorized := r.Group("/", AuthRequired())
+  // exactly the same as:
+  authorized := r.Group("/")
+  // per group middleware! in this case we use the custom created
+  // AuthRequired() middleware just in the "authorized" group.
+  authorized.Use(AuthRequired())
+  {
+    authorized.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
+    authorized.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
+    authorized.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
+
+    // nested group
+    testing := authorized.Group("testing")
+    // visit 0.0.0.0:8080/testing/analytics
+    testing.GET("/analytics", analyticsEndpoint)
+  }
+
+  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+  r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Custom Recovery behavior
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  // Creates a router without any middleware by default
+  r := gin.New()
+
+  // Global middleware
+  // Logger middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter even if you set with GIN_MODE=release.
+  // By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
+  r.Use(gin.Logger())
+
+  // Recovery middleware recovers from any panics and writes a 500 if there was one.
+  r.Use(gin.CustomRecovery(func(c *gin.Context, recovered interface{}) {
+    if err, ok := recovered.(string); ok {
+      c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, fmt.Sprintf("error: %s", err))
+    }
+    c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+  }))
+
+  r.GET("/panic", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    // panic with a string -- the custom middleware could save this to a database or report it to the user
+    panic("foo")
+  })
+
+  r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, "ohai")
+  })
+
+  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+  r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### How to write log file
+
+```go
+func main() {
+    // Disable Console Color, you don't need console color when writing the logs to file.
+    gin.DisableConsoleColor()
+
+    // Logging to a file.
+    f, _ := os.Create("gin.log")
+    gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f)
+
+    // Use the following code if you need to write the logs to file and console at the same time.
+    // gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f, os.Stdout)
+
+    router := gin.Default()
+    router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
+        c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
+    })
+
+    router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Custom Log Format
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.New()
+
+  // LoggerWithFormatter middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter
+  // By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
+  router.Use(gin.LoggerWithFormatter(func(param gin.LogFormatterParams) string {
+
+    // your custom format
+    return fmt.Sprintf("%s - [%s] \"%s %s %s %d %s \"%s\" %s\"\n",
+        param.ClientIP,
+        param.TimeStamp.Format(time.RFC1123),
+        param.Method,
+        param.Path,
+        param.Request.Proto,
+        param.StatusCode,
+        param.Latency,
+        param.Request.UserAgent(),
+        param.ErrorMessage,
+    )
+  }))
+  router.Use(gin.Recovery())
+
+  router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
+  })
+
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+Sample Output
+
+```sh
+::1 - [Fri, 07 Dec 2018 17:04:38 JST] "GET /ping HTTP/1.1 200 122.767µs "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.80 Safari/537.36" "
+```
+
+### Controlling Log output coloring
+
+By default, logs output on console should be colorized depending on the detected TTY.
+
+Never colorize logs:
+
+```go
+func main() {
+    // Disable log's color
+    gin.DisableConsoleColor()
+
+    // Creates a gin router with default middleware:
+    // logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
+    router := gin.Default()
+
+    router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
+        c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
+    })
+
+    router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+Always colorize logs:
+
+```go
+func main() {
+    // Force log's color
+    gin.ForceConsoleColor()
+
+    // Creates a gin router with default middleware:
+    // logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
+    router := gin.Default()
+
+    router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
+        c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
+    })
+
+    router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Model binding and validation
+
+To bind a request body into a type, use model binding. We currently support binding of JSON, XML, YAML, TOML and standard form values (foo=bar&boo=baz).
+
+Gin uses [**go-playground/validator/v10**](https://github.com/go-playground/validator) for validation. Check the full docs on tags usage [here](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/go-playground/validator#hdr-Baked_In_Validators_and_Tags).
+
+Note that you need to set the corresponding binding tag on all fields you want to bind. For example, when binding from JSON, set `json:"fieldname"`.
+
+Also, Gin provides two sets of methods for binding:
+
+- **Type** - Must bind
+  - **Methods** - `Bind`, `BindJSON`, `BindXML`, `BindQuery`, `BindYAML`, `BindHeader`, `BindTOML`
+  - **Behavior** - These methods use `MustBindWith` under the hood. If there is a binding error, the request is aborted with `c.AbortWithError(400, err).SetType(ErrorTypeBind)`. This sets the response status code to 400 and the `Content-Type` header is set to `text/plain; charset=utf-8`. Note that if you try to set the response code after this, it will result in a warning `[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Headers were already written. Wanted to override status code 400 with 422`. If you wish to have greater control over the behavior, consider using the `ShouldBind` equivalent method.
+- **Type** - Should bind
+  - **Methods** - `ShouldBind`, `ShouldBindJSON`, `ShouldBindXML`, `ShouldBindQuery`, `ShouldBindYAML`, `ShouldBindHeader`, `ShouldBindTOML`,
+  - **Behavior** - These methods use `ShouldBindWith` under the hood. If there is a binding error, the error is returned and it is the developer's responsibility to handle the request and error appropriately.
+
+When using the Bind-method, Gin tries to infer the binder depending on the Content-Type header. If you are sure what you are binding, you can use `MustBindWith` or `ShouldBindWith`.
+
+You can also specify that specific fields are required. If a field is decorated with `binding:"required"` and has an empty value when binding, an error will be returned.
+
+```go
+// Binding from JSON
+type Login struct {
+  User     string `form:"user" json:"user" xml:"user"  binding:"required"`
+  Password string `form:"password" json:"password" xml:"password" binding:"required"`
+}
+
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+
+  // Example for binding JSON ({"user": "manu", "password": "123"})
+  router.POST("/loginJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    var json Login
+    if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&json); err != nil {
+      c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+      return
+    }
+
+    if json.User != "manu" || json.Password != "123" {
+      c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
+      return
+    }
+
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
+  })
+
+  // Example for binding XML (
+  //  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+  //  <root>
+  //    <user>manu</user>
+  //    <password>123</password>
+  //  </root>)
+  router.POST("/loginXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    var xml Login
+    if err := c.ShouldBindXML(&xml); err != nil {
+      c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+      return
+    }
+
+    if xml.User != "manu" || xml.Password != "123" {
+      c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
+      return
+    }
+
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
+  })
+
+  // Example for binding a HTML form (user=manu&password=123)
+  router.POST("/loginForm", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    var form Login
+    // This will infer what binder to use depending on the content-type header.
+    if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil {
+      c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+      return
+    }
+
+    if form.User != "manu" || form.Password != "123" {
+      c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
+      return
+    }
+
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
+  })
+
+  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+Sample request
+
+```sh
+$ curl -v -X POST \
+  http://localhost:8080/loginJSON \
+  -H 'content-type: application/json' \
+  -d '{ "user": "manu" }'
+> POST /loginJSON HTTP/1.1
+> Host: localhost:8080
+> User-Agent: curl/7.51.0
+> Accept: */*
+> content-type: application/json
+> Content-Length: 18
+>
+* upload completely sent off: 18 out of 18 bytes
+< HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
+< Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
+< Date: Fri, 04 Aug 2017 03:51:31 GMT
+< Content-Length: 100
+<
+{"error":"Key: 'Login.Password' Error:Field validation for 'Password' failed on the 'required' tag"}
+```
+
+Skip validate: when running the above example using the above the `curl` command, it returns error. Because the example use `binding:"required"` for `Password`. If use `binding:"-"` for `Password`, then it will not return error when running the above example again.
+
+### Custom Validators
+
+It is also possible to register custom validators. See the [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/custom-validation/server.go).
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "net/http"
+  "time"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
+  "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
+)
+
+// Booking contains binded and validated data.
+type Booking struct {
+  CheckIn  time.Time `form:"check_in" binding:"required,bookabledate" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
+  CheckOut time.Time `form:"check_out" binding:"required,gtfield=CheckIn" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
+}
+
+var bookableDate validator.Func = func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
+  date, ok := fl.Field().Interface().(time.Time)
+  if ok {
+    today := time.Now()
+    if today.After(date) {
+      return false
+    }
+  }
+  return true
+}
+
+func main() {
+  route := gin.Default()
+
+  if v, ok := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate); ok {
+    v.RegisterValidation("bookabledate", bookableDate)
+  }
+
+  route.GET("/bookable", getBookable)
+  route.Run(":8085")
+}
+
+func getBookable(c *gin.Context) {
+  var b Booking
+  if err := c.ShouldBindWith(&b, binding.Query); err == nil {
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "Booking dates are valid!"})
+  } else {
+    c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+  }
+}
+```
+
+```console
+$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2030-04-16&check_out=2030-04-17"
+{"message":"Booking dates are valid!"}
+
+$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2030-03-10&check_out=2030-03-09"
+{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckOut' Error:Field validation for 'CheckOut' failed on the 'gtfield' tag"}
+
+$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2000-03-09&check_out=2000-03-10"
+{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckIn' Error:Field validation for 'CheckIn' failed on the 'bookabledate' tag"}%
+```
+
+[Struct level validations](https://github.com/go-playground/validator/releases/tag/v8.7) can also be registered this way.
+See the [struct-lvl-validation example](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/struct-lvl-validations) to learn more.
+
+### Only Bind Query String
+
+`ShouldBindQuery` function only binds the query params and not the post data. See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/742#issuecomment-315953017).
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "log"
+  "net/http"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+type Person struct {
+  Name    string `form:"name"`
+  Address string `form:"address"`
+}
+
+func main() {
+  route := gin.Default()
+  route.Any("/testing", startPage)
+  route.Run(":8085")
+}
+
+func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
+  var person Person
+  if c.ShouldBindQuery(&person) == nil {
+    log.Println("====== Only Bind By Query String ======")
+    log.Println(person.Name)
+    log.Println(person.Address)
+  }
+  c.String(http.StatusOK, "Success")
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bind Query String or Post Data
+
+See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/742#issuecomment-264681292).
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "log"
+  "net/http"
+  "time"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+type Person struct {
+        Name       string    `form:"name"`
+        Address    string    `form:"address"`
+        Birthday   time.Time `form:"birthday" time_format:"2006-01-02" time_utc:"1"`
+        CreateTime time.Time `form:"createTime" time_format:"unixNano"`
+        UnixTime   time.Time `form:"unixTime" time_format:"unix"`
+}
+
+func main() {
+  route := gin.Default()
+  route.GET("/testing", startPage)
+  route.Run(":8085")
+}
+
+func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
+  var person Person
+  // If `GET`, only `Form` binding engine (`query`) used.
+  // If `POST`, first checks the `content-type` for `JSON` or `XML`, then uses `Form` (`form-data`).
+  // See more at https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/binding/binding.go#L88
+        if c.ShouldBind(&person) == nil {
+                log.Println(person.Name)
+                log.Println(person.Address)
+                log.Println(person.Birthday)
+                log.Println(person.CreateTime)
+                log.Println(person.UnixTime)
+        }
+
+  c.String(http.StatusOK, "Success")
+}
+```
+
+Test it with:
+
+```sh
+curl -X GET "localhost:8085/testing?name=appleboy&address=xyz&birthday=1992-03-15&createTime=1562400033000000123&unixTime=1562400033"
+```
+
+### Bind Uri
+
+See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/846).
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "net/http"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+type Person struct {
+  ID string `uri:"id" binding:"required,uuid"`
+  Name string `uri:"name" binding:"required"`
+}
+
+func main() {
+  route := gin.Default()
+  route.GET("/:name/:id", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    var person Person
+    if err := c.ShouldBindUri(&person); err != nil {
+      c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"msg": err.Error()})
+      return
+    }
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"name": person.Name, "uuid": person.ID})
+  })
+  route.Run(":8088")
+}
+```
+
+Test it with:
+
+```sh
+curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/987fbc97-4bed-5078-9f07-9141ba07c9f3
+curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/not-uuid
+```
+
+### Bind Header
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "fmt"
+  "net/http"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+type testHeader struct {
+  Rate   int    `header:"Rate"`
+  Domain string `header:"Domain"`
+}
+
+func main() {
+  r := gin.Default()
+  r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    h := testHeader{}
+
+    if err := c.ShouldBindHeader(&h); err != nil {
+      c.JSON(http.StatusOK, err)
+    }
+
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", h)
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"Rate": h.Rate, "Domain": h.Domain})
+  })
+
+  r.Run()
+
+// client
+// curl -H "rate:300" -H "domain:music" 127.0.0.1:8080/
+// output
+// {"Domain":"music","Rate":300}
+}
+```
+
+### Bind HTML checkboxes
+
+See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/129#issuecomment-124260092)
+
+main.go
+
+```go
+...
+
+type myForm struct {
+    Colors []string `form:"colors[]"`
+}
+
+...
+
+func formHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+    var fakeForm myForm
+    c.ShouldBind(&fakeForm)
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"color": fakeForm.Colors})
+}
+
+...
+
+```
+
+form.html
+
+```html
+<form action="/" method="POST">
+    <p>Check some colors</p>
+    <label for="red">Red</label>
+    <input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="red" id="red">
+    <label for="green">Green</label>
+    <input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="green" id="green">
+    <label for="blue">Blue</label>
+    <input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="blue" id="blue">
+    <input type="submit">
+</form>
+```
+
+result:
+
+```json
+{"color":["red","green","blue"]}
+```
+
+### Multipart/Urlencoded binding
+
+```go
+type ProfileForm struct {
+  Name   string                `form:"name" binding:"required"`
+  Avatar *multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar" binding:"required"`
+
+  // or for multiple files
+  // Avatars []*multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar" binding:"required"`
+}
+
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+  router.POST("/profile", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    // you can bind multipart form with explicit binding declaration:
+    // c.ShouldBindWith(&form, binding.Form)
+    // or you can simply use autobinding with ShouldBind method:
+    var form ProfileForm
+    // in this case proper binding will be automatically selected
+    if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil {
+      c.String(http.StatusBadRequest, "bad request")
+      return
+    }
+
+    err := c.SaveUploadedFile(form.Avatar, form.Avatar.Filename)
+    if err != nil {
+      c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "unknown error")
+      return
+    }
+
+    // db.Save(&form)
+
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, "ok")
+  })
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+Test it with:
+
+```sh
+curl -X POST -v --form name=user --form "avatar=@./avatar.png" http://localhost:8080/profile
+```
+
+### XML, JSON, YAML, TOML and ProtoBuf rendering
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  r := gin.Default()
+
+  // gin.H is a shortcut for map[string]interface{}
+  r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
+  })
+
+  r.GET("/moreJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    // You also can use a struct
+    var msg struct {
+      Name    string `json:"user"`
+      Message string
+      Number  int
+    }
+    msg.Name = "Lena"
+    msg.Message = "hey"
+    msg.Number = 123
+    // Note that msg.Name becomes "user" in the JSON
+    // Will output  :   {"user": "Lena", "Message": "hey", "Number": 123}
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, msg)
+  })
+
+  r.GET("/someXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.XML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
+  })
+
+  r.GET("/someYAML", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.YAML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
+  })
+
+  r.GET("/someTOML", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.TOML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
+  })
+
+  r.GET("/someProtoBuf", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    reps := []int64{int64(1), int64(2)}
+    label := "test"
+    // The specific definition of protobuf is written in the testdata/protoexample file.
+    data := &protoexample.Test{
+      Label: &label,
+      Reps:  reps,
+    }
+    // Note that data becomes binary data in the response
+    // Will output protoexample.Test protobuf serialized data
+    c.ProtoBuf(http.StatusOK, data)
+  })
+
+  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+  r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+#### SecureJSON
+
+Using SecureJSON to prevent json hijacking. Default prepends `"while(1),"` to response body if the given struct is array values.
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  r := gin.Default()
+
+  // You can also use your own secure json prefix
+  // r.SecureJsonPrefix(")]}',\n")
+
+  r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    names := []string{"lena", "austin", "foo"}
+
+    // Will output  :   while(1);["lena","austin","foo"]
+    c.SecureJSON(http.StatusOK, names)
+  })
+
+  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+  r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+#### JSONP
+
+Using JSONP to request data from a server  in a different domain. Add callback to response body if the query parameter callback exists.
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  r := gin.Default()
+
+  r.GET("/JSONP", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    data := gin.H{
+      "foo": "bar",
+    }
+
+    //callback is x
+    // Will output  :   x({\"foo\":\"bar\"})
+    c.JSONP(http.StatusOK, data)
+  })
+
+  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+  r.Run(":8080")
+
+        // client
+        // curl http://127.0.0.1:8080/JSONP?callback=x
+}
+```
+
+#### AsciiJSON
+
+Using AsciiJSON to Generates ASCII-only JSON with escaped non-ASCII characters.
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  r := gin.Default()
+
+  r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    data := gin.H{
+      "lang": "GO语言",
+      "tag":  "<br>",
+    }
+
+    // will output : {"lang":"GO\u8bed\u8a00","tag":"\u003cbr\u003e"}
+    c.AsciiJSON(http.StatusOK, data)
+  })
+
+  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+  r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+#### PureJSON
+
+Normally, JSON replaces special HTML characters with their unicode entities, e.g. `<` becomes  `\u003c`. If you want to encode such characters literally, you can use PureJSON instead.
+This feature is unavailable in Go 1.6 and lower.
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  r := gin.Default()
+
+  // Serves unicode entities
+  r.GET("/json", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
+      "html": "<b>Hello, world!</b>",
+    })
+  })
+
+  // Serves literal characters
+  r.GET("/purejson", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.PureJSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
+      "html": "<b>Hello, world!</b>",
+    })
+  })
+
+  // listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+  r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Serving static files
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+  router.Static("/assets", "./assets")
+  router.StaticFS("/more_static", http.Dir("my_file_system"))
+  router.StaticFile("/favicon.ico", "./resources/favicon.ico")
+  router.StaticFileFS("/more_favicon.ico", "more_favicon.ico", http.Dir("my_file_system"))
+  
+  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Serving data from file
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+
+  router.GET("/local/file", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.File("local/file.go")
+  })
+
+  var fs http.FileSystem = // ...
+  router.GET("/fs/file", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.FileFromFS("fs/file.go", fs)
+  })
+}
+
+```
+
+### Serving data from reader
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+  router.GET("/someDataFromReader", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    response, err := http.Get("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gin-gonic/logo/master/color.png")
+    if err != nil || response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+      c.Status(http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
+      return
+    }
+
+    reader := response.Body
+     defer reader.Close()
+    contentLength := response.ContentLength
+    contentType := response.Header.Get("Content-Type")
+
+    extraHeaders := map[string]string{
+      "Content-Disposition": `attachment; filename="gopher.png"`,
+    }
+
+    c.DataFromReader(http.StatusOK, contentLength, contentType, reader, extraHeaders)
+  })
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### HTML rendering
+
+Using LoadHTMLGlob() or LoadHTMLFiles()
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+  router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/*")
+  //router.LoadHTMLFiles("templates/template1.html", "templates/template2.html")
+  router.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", gin.H{
+      "title": "Main website",
+    })
+  })
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+templates/index.tmpl
+
+```html
+<html>
+  <h1>
+    {{ .title }}
+  </h1>
+</html>
+```
+
+Using templates with same name in different directories
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+  router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/**/*")
+  router.GET("/posts/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "posts/index.tmpl", gin.H{
+      "title": "Posts",
+    })
+  })
+  router.GET("/users/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "users/index.tmpl", gin.H{
+      "title": "Users",
+    })
+  })
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+templates/posts/index.tmpl
+
+```html
+{{ define "posts/index.tmpl" }}
+<html><h1>
+  {{ .title }}
+</h1>
+<p>Using posts/index.tmpl</p>
+</html>
+{{ end }}
+```
+
+templates/users/index.tmpl
+
+```html
+{{ define "users/index.tmpl" }}
+<html><h1>
+  {{ .title }}
+</h1>
+<p>Using users/index.tmpl</p>
+</html>
+{{ end }}
+```
+
+#### Custom Template renderer
+
+You can also use your own html template render
+
+```go
+import "html/template"
+
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+  html := template.Must(template.ParseFiles("file1", "file2"))
+  router.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+#### Custom Delimiters
+
+You may use custom delims
+
+```go
+  r := gin.Default()
+  r.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
+  r.LoadHTMLGlob("/path/to/templates")
+```
+
+#### Custom Template Funcs
+
+See the detail [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/template).
+
+main.go
+
+```go
+import (
+    "fmt"
+    "html/template"
+    "net/http"
+    "time"
+
+    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func formatAsDate(t time.Time) string {
+    year, month, day := t.Date()
+    return fmt.Sprintf("%d/%02d/%02d", year, month, day)
+}
+
+func main() {
+    router := gin.Default()
+    router.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
+    router.SetFuncMap(template.FuncMap{
+        "formatAsDate": formatAsDate,
+    })
+    router.LoadHTMLFiles("./testdata/template/raw.tmpl")
+
+    router.GET("/raw", func(c *gin.Context) {
+        c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "raw.tmpl", gin.H{
+            "now": time.Date(2017, 07, 01, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+        })
+    })
+
+    router.Run(":8080")
+}
+
+```
+
+raw.tmpl
+
+```html
+Date: {[{.now | formatAsDate}]}
+```
+
+Result:
+
+```sh
+Date: 2017/07/01
+```
+
+### Multitemplate
+
+Gin allow by default use only one html.Template. Check [a multitemplate render](https://github.com/gin-contrib/multitemplate) for using features like go 1.6 `block template`.
+
+### Redirects
+
+Issuing a HTTP redirect is easy. Both internal and external locations are supported.
+
+```go
+r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
+  c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, "http://www.google.com/")
+})
+```
+
+Issuing a HTTP redirect from POST. Refer to issue: [#444](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/444)
+
+```go
+r.POST("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
+  c.Redirect(http.StatusFound, "/foo")
+})
+```
+
+Issuing a Router redirect, use `HandleContext` like below.
+
+``` go
+r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.Request.URL.Path = "/test2"
+    r.HandleContext(c)
+})
+r.GET("/test2", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"hello": "world"})
+})
+```
+
+### Custom Middleware
+
+```go
+func Logger() gin.HandlerFunc {
+  return func(c *gin.Context) {
+    t := time.Now()
+
+    // Set example variable
+    c.Set("example", "12345")
+
+    // before request
+
+    c.Next()
+
+    // after request
+    latency := time.Since(t)
+    log.Print(latency)
+
+    // access the status we are sending
+    status := c.Writer.Status()
+    log.Println(status)
+  }
+}
+
+func main() {
+  r := gin.New()
+  r.Use(Logger())
+
+  r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    example := c.MustGet("example").(string)
+
+    // it would print: "12345"
+    log.Println(example)
+  })
+
+  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+  r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Using BasicAuth() middleware
+
+```go
+// simulate some private data
+var secrets = gin.H{
+  "foo":    gin.H{"email": "foo@bar.com", "phone": "123433"},
+  "austin": gin.H{"email": "austin@example.com", "phone": "666"},
+  "lena":   gin.H{"email": "lena@guapa.com", "phone": "523443"},
+}
+
+func main() {
+  r := gin.Default()
+
+  // Group using gin.BasicAuth() middleware
+  // gin.Accounts is a shortcut for map[string]string
+  authorized := r.Group("/admin", gin.BasicAuth(gin.Accounts{
+    "foo":    "bar",
+    "austin": "1234",
+    "lena":   "hello2",
+    "manu":   "4321",
+  }))
+
+  // /admin/secrets endpoint
+  // hit "localhost:8080/admin/secrets
+  authorized.GET("/secrets", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    // get user, it was set by the BasicAuth middleware
+    user := c.MustGet(gin.AuthUserKey).(string)
+    if secret, ok := secrets[user]; ok {
+      c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": secret})
+    } else {
+      c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": "NO SECRET :("})
+    }
+  })
+
+  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+  r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Goroutines inside a middleware
+
+When starting new Goroutines inside a middleware or handler, you **SHOULD NOT** use the original context inside it, you have to use a read-only copy.
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  r := gin.Default()
+
+  r.GET("/long_async", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    // create copy to be used inside the goroutine
+    cCp := c.Copy()
+    go func() {
+      // simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
+      time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
+
+      // note that you are using the copied context "cCp", IMPORTANT
+      log.Println("Done! in path " + cCp.Request.URL.Path)
+    }()
+  })
+
+  r.GET("/long_sync", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    // simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
+    time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
+
+    // since we are NOT using a goroutine, we do not have to copy the context
+    log.Println("Done! in path " + c.Request.URL.Path)
+  })
+
+  // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
+  r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+### Custom HTTP configuration
+
+Use `http.ListenAndServe()` directly, like this:
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+  http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router)
+}
+```
+
+or
+
+```go
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+
+  s := &http.Server{
+    Addr:           ":8080",
+    Handler:        router,
+    ReadTimeout:    10 * time.Second,
+    WriteTimeout:   10 * time.Second,
+    MaxHeaderBytes: 1 << 20,
+  }
+  s.ListenAndServe()
+}
+```
+
+### Support Let's Encrypt
+
+example for 1-line LetsEncrypt HTTPS servers.
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "log"
+  "net/http"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  r := gin.Default()
+
+  // Ping handler
+  r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
+  })
+
+  log.Fatal(autotls.Run(r, "example1.com", "example2.com"))
+}
+```
+
+example for custom autocert manager.
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "log"
+  "net/http"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+  "golang.org/x/crypto/acme/autocert"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  r := gin.Default()
+
+  // Ping handler
+  r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
+  })
+
+  m := autocert.Manager{
+    Prompt:     autocert.AcceptTOS,
+    HostPolicy: autocert.HostWhitelist("example1.com", "example2.com"),
+    Cache:      autocert.DirCache("/var/www/.cache"),
+  }
+
+  log.Fatal(autotls.RunWithManager(r, &m))
+}
+```
+
+### Run multiple service using Gin
+
+See the [question](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/346) and try the following example:
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "log"
+  "net/http"
+  "time"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+  "golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
+)
+
+var (
+  g errgroup.Group
+)
+
+func router01() http.Handler {
+  e := gin.New()
+  e.Use(gin.Recovery())
+  e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.JSON(
+      http.StatusOK,
+      gin.H{
+        "code":  http.StatusOK,
+        "error": "Welcome server 01",
+      },
+    )
+  })
+
+  return e
+}
+
+func router02() http.Handler {
+  e := gin.New()
+  e.Use(gin.Recovery())
+  e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.JSON(
+      http.StatusOK,
+      gin.H{
+        "code":  http.StatusOK,
+        "error": "Welcome server 02",
+      },
+    )
+  })
+
+  return e
+}
+
+func main() {
+  server01 := &http.Server{
+    Addr:         ":8080",
+    Handler:      router01(),
+    ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
+    WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
+  }
+
+  server02 := &http.Server{
+    Addr:         ":8081",
+    Handler:      router02(),
+    ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
+    WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
+  }
+
+  g.Go(func() error {
+    err := server01.ListenAndServe()
+    if err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
+      log.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    return err
+  })
+
+  g.Go(func() error {
+    err := server02.ListenAndServe()
+    if err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
+      log.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    return err
+  })
+
+  if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
+    log.Fatal(err)
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Graceful shutdown or restart
+
+There are a few approaches you can use to perform a graceful shutdown or restart. You can make use of third-party packages specifically built for that, or you can manually do the same with the functions and methods from the built-in packages.
+
+#### Third-party packages
+
+We can use [fvbock/endless](https://github.com/fvbock/endless) to replace the default `ListenAndServe`. Refer to issue [#296](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/296) for more details.
+
+```go
+router := gin.Default()
+router.GET("/", handler)
+// [...]
+endless.ListenAndServe(":4242", router)
+```
+
+Alternatives:
+
+* [grace](https://github.com/facebookgo/grace): Graceful restart & zero downtime deploy for Go servers.
+* [graceful](https://github.com/tylerb/graceful): Graceful is a Go package enabling graceful shutdown of an http.Handler server.
+* [manners](https://github.com/braintree/manners): A polite Go HTTP server that shuts down gracefully.
+
+#### Manually
+
+In case you are using Go 1.8 or a later version, you may not need to use those libraries. Consider using `http.Server`'s built-in [Shutdown()](https://pkg.go.dev/net/http#Server.Shutdown) method for graceful shutdowns. The example below describes its usage, and we've got more examples using gin [here](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/graceful-shutdown).
+
+```go
+// +build go1.8
+
+package main
+
+import (
+  "context"
+  "log"
+  "net/http"
+  "os"
+  "os/signal"
+  "syscall"
+  "time"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+  router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, "Welcome Gin Server")
+  })
+
+  srv := &http.Server{
+    Addr:    ":8080",
+    Handler: router,
+  }
+
+  // Initializing the server in a goroutine so that
+  // it won't block the graceful shutdown handling below
+  go func() {
+    if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
+      log.Printf("listen: %s\n", err)
+    }
+  }()
+
+  // Wait for interrupt signal to gracefully shutdown the server with
+  // a timeout of 5 seconds.
+  quit := make(chan os.Signal)
+  // kill (no param) default send syscall.SIGTERM
+  // kill -2 is syscall.SIGINT
+  // kill -9 is syscall.SIGKILL but can't be caught, so don't need to add it
+  signal.Notify(quit, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
+  <-quit
+  log.Println("Shutting down server...")
+
+  // The context is used to inform the server it has 5 seconds to finish
+  // the request it is currently handling
+  ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+  defer cancel()
+
+  if err := srv.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
+    log.Fatal("Server forced to shutdown:", err)
+  }
+
+  log.Println("Server exiting")
+}
+```
+
+### Build a single binary with templates
+
+You can build a server into a single binary containing templates by using the [embed](https://pkg.go.dev/embed) package.
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "embed"
+  "html/template"
+  "net/http"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+//go:embed assets/* templates/*
+var f embed.FS
+
+func main() {
+  router := gin.Default()
+  templ := template.Must(template.New("").ParseFS(f, "templates/*.tmpl", "templates/foo/*.tmpl"))
+  router.SetHTMLTemplate(templ)
+
+  // example: /public/assets/images/example.png
+  router.StaticFS("/public", http.FS(f))
+
+  router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", gin.H{
+      "title": "Main website",
+    })
+  })
+
+  router.GET("/foo", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "bar.tmpl", gin.H{
+      "title": "Foo website",
+    })
+  })
+
+  router.GET("favicon.ico", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    file, _ := f.ReadFile("assets/favicon.ico")
+    c.Data(
+      http.StatusOK,
+      "image/x-icon",
+      file,
+    )
+  })
+
+  router.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+See a complete example in the `https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/assets-in-binary/example02` directory.
+
+### Bind form-data request with custom struct
+
+The follow example using custom struct:
+
+```go
+type StructA struct {
+    FieldA string `form:"field_a"`
+}
+
+type StructB struct {
+    NestedStruct StructA
+    FieldB string `form:"field_b"`
+}
+
+type StructC struct {
+    NestedStructPointer *StructA
+    FieldC string `form:"field_c"`
+}
+
+type StructD struct {
+    NestedAnonyStruct struct {
+        FieldX string `form:"field_x"`
+    }
+    FieldD string `form:"field_d"`
+}
+
+func GetDataB(c *gin.Context) {
+    var b StructB
+    c.Bind(&b)
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
+        "a": b.NestedStruct,
+        "b": b.FieldB,
+    })
+}
+
+func GetDataC(c *gin.Context) {
+    var b StructC
+    c.Bind(&b)
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
+        "a": b.NestedStructPointer,
+        "c": b.FieldC,
+    })
+}
+
+func GetDataD(c *gin.Context) {
+    var b StructD
+    c.Bind(&b)
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
+        "x": b.NestedAnonyStruct,
+        "d": b.FieldD,
+    })
+}
+
+func main() {
+    r := gin.Default()
+    r.GET("/getb", GetDataB)
+    r.GET("/getc", GetDataC)
+    r.GET("/getd", GetDataD)
+
+    r.Run()
+}
+```
+
+Using the command `curl` command result:
+
+```sh
+$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getb?field_a=hello&field_b=world"
+{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"b":"world"}
+$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getc?field_a=hello&field_c=world"
+{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"c":"world"}
+$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getd?field_x=hello&field_d=world"
+{"d":"world","x":{"FieldX":"hello"}}
+```
+
+### Try to bind body into different structs
+
+The normal methods for binding request body consumes `c.Request.Body` and they
+cannot be called multiple times.
+
+```go
+type formA struct {
+  Foo string `json:"foo" xml:"foo" binding:"required"`
+}
+
+type formB struct {
+  Bar string `json:"bar" xml:"bar" binding:"required"`
+}
+
+func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+  objA := formA{}
+  objB := formB{}
+  // This c.ShouldBind consumes c.Request.Body and it cannot be reused.
+  if errA := c.ShouldBind(&objA); errA == nil {
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
+  // Always an error is occurred by this because c.Request.Body is EOF now.
+  } else if errB := c.ShouldBind(&objB); errB == nil {
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB`)
+  } else {
+    ...
+  }
+}
+```
+
+For this, you can use `c.ShouldBindBodyWith`.
+
+```go
+func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+  objA := formA{}
+  objB := formB{}
+  // This reads c.Request.Body and stores the result into the context.
+  if errA := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objA, binding.Form); errA == nil {
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
+  // At this time, it reuses body stored in the context.
+  } else if errB := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.JSON); errB == nil {
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB JSON`)
+  // And it can accepts other formats
+  } else if errB2 := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.XML); errB2 == nil {
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB XML`)
+  } else {
+    ...
+  }
+}
+```
+
+1. `c.ShouldBindBodyWith` stores body into the context before binding. This has
+a slight impact to performance, so you should not use this method if you are
+enough to call binding at once.
+2. This feature is only needed for some formats -- `JSON`, `XML`, `MsgPack`,
+`ProtoBuf`. For other formats, `Query`, `Form`, `FormPost`, `FormMultipart`,
+can be called by `c.ShouldBind()` multiple times without any damage to
+performance (See [#1341](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/1341)).
+
+### Bind form-data request with custom struct and custom tag
+
+```go
+const (
+  customerTag = "url"
+  defaultMemory = 32 << 20
+)
+
+type customerBinding struct {}
+
+func (customerBinding) Name() string {
+  return "form"
+}
+
+func (customerBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj interface{}) error {
+  if err := req.ParseForm(); err != nil {
+    return err
+  }
+  if err := req.ParseMultipartForm(defaultMemory); err != nil {
+    if err != http.ErrNotMultipart {
+      return err
+    }
+  }
+  if err := binding.MapFormWithTag(obj, req.Form, customerTag); err != nil {
+    return err
+  }
+  return validate(obj)
+}
+
+func validate(obj interface{}) error {
+  if binding.Validator == nil {
+    return nil
+  }
+  return binding.Validator.ValidateStruct(obj)
+}
+
+// Now we can do this!!!
+// FormA is an external type that we can't modify it's tag
+type FormA struct {
+  FieldA string `url:"field_a"`
+}
+
+func ListHandler(s *Service) func(ctx *gin.Context) {
+  return func(ctx *gin.Context) {
+    var urlBinding = customerBinding{}
+    var opt FormA
+    err := ctx.MustBindWith(&opt, urlBinding)
+    if err != nil {
+      ...
+    }
+    ...
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### http2 server push
+
+http.Pusher is supported only **go1.8+**. See the [golang blog](https://go.dev/blog/h2push) for detail information.
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "html/template"
+  "log"
+  "net/http"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+var html = template.Must(template.New("https").Parse(`
+<html>
+<head>
+  <title>Https Test</title>
+  <script src="/assets/app.js"></script>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <h1 style="color:red;">Welcome, Ginner!</h1>
+</body>
+</html>
+`))
+
+func main() {
+  r := gin.Default()
+  r.Static("/assets", "./assets")
+  r.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
+
+  r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    if pusher := c.Writer.Pusher(); pusher != nil {
+      // use pusher.Push() to do server push
+      if err := pusher.Push("/assets/app.js", nil); err != nil {
+        log.Printf("Failed to push: %v", err)
+      }
+    }
+    c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "https", gin.H{
+      "status": "success",
+    })
+  })
+
+  // Listen and Server in https://127.0.0.1:8080
+  r.RunTLS(":8080", "./testdata/server.pem", "./testdata/server.key")
+}
+```
+
+### Define format for the log of routes
+
+The default log of routes is:
+
+```sh
+[GIN-debug] POST   /foo                      --> main.main.func1 (3 handlers)
+[GIN-debug] GET    /bar                      --> main.main.func2 (3 handlers)
+[GIN-debug] GET    /status                   --> main.main.func3 (3 handlers)
+```
+
+If you want to log this information in given format (e.g. JSON, key values or something else), then you can define this format with `gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc`.
+In the example below, we log all routes with standard log package but you can use another log tools that suits of your needs.
+
+```go
+import (
+  "log"
+  "net/http"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  r := gin.Default()
+  gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc = func(httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName string, nuHandlers int) {
+    log.Printf("endpoint %v %v %v %v\n", httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName, nuHandlers)
+  }
+
+  r.POST("/foo", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "foo")
+  })
+
+  r.GET("/bar", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "bar")
+  })
+
+  r.GET("/status", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "ok")
+  })
+
+  // Listen and Server in http://0.0.0.0:8080
+  r.Run()
+}
+```
+
+### Set and get a cookie
+
+```go
+import (
+    "fmt"
+
+    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func main() {
+
+    router := gin.Default()
+
+    router.GET("/cookie", func(c *gin.Context) {
+
+        cookie, err := c.Cookie("gin_cookie")
+
+        if err != nil {
+            cookie = "NotSet"
+            c.SetCookie("gin_cookie", "test", 3600, "/", "localhost", false, true)
+        }
+
+        fmt.Printf("Cookie value: %s \n", cookie)
+    })
+
+    router.Run()
+}
+```
+
+## Don't trust all proxies
+
+Gin lets you specify which headers to hold the real client IP (if any),
+as well as specifying which proxies (or direct clients) you trust to
+specify one of these headers.
+
+Use function `SetTrustedProxies()` on your `gin.Engine` to specify network addresses
+or network CIDRs from where clients which their request headers related to client
+IP can be trusted. They can be IPv4 addresses, IPv4 CIDRs, IPv6 addresses or
+IPv6 CIDRs.
+
+**Attention:** Gin trust all proxies by default if you don't specify a trusted 
+proxy using the function above, **this is NOT safe**. At the same time, if you don't
+use any proxy, you can disable this feature by using `Engine.SetTrustedProxies(nil)`,
+then `Context.ClientIP()` will return the remote address directly to avoid some
+unnecessary computation.
+
+```go
+import (
+  "fmt"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func main() {
+
+  router := gin.Default()
+  router.SetTrustedProxies([]string{"192.168.1.2"})
+
+  router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    // If the client is 192.168.1.2, use the X-Forwarded-For
+    // header to deduce the original client IP from the trust-
+    // worthy parts of that header.
+    // Otherwise, simply return the direct client IP
+    fmt.Printf("ClientIP: %s\n", c.ClientIP())
+  })
+  router.Run()
+}
+```
+
+**Notice:** If you are using a CDN service, you can set the `Engine.TrustedPlatform`
+to skip TrustedProxies check, it has a higher priority than TrustedProxies. 
+Look at the example below:
+
+```go
+import (
+  "fmt"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func main() {
+
+  router := gin.Default()
+  // Use predefined header gin.PlatformXXX
+  router.TrustedPlatform = gin.PlatformGoogleAppEngine
+  // Or set your own trusted request header for another trusted proxy service
+  // Don't set it to any suspect request header, it's unsafe
+  router.TrustedPlatform = "X-CDN-IP"
+
+  router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    // If you set TrustedPlatform, ClientIP() will resolve the
+    // corresponding header and return IP directly
+    fmt.Printf("ClientIP: %s\n", c.ClientIP())
+  })
+  router.Run()
+}
+```
+
+## Testing
+
+The `net/http/httptest` package is preferable way for HTTP testing.
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "net/http"
+
+  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func setupRouter() *gin.Engine {
+  r := gin.Default()
+  r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
+    c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
+  })
+  return r
+}
+
+func main() {
+  r := setupRouter()
+  r.Run(":8080")
+}
+```
+
+Test for code example above:
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "net/http"
+  "net/http/httptest"
+  "testing"
+
+  "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestPingRoute(t *testing.T) {
+  router := setupRouter()
+
+  w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+  req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/ping", nil)
+  router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+  assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+  assert.Equal(t, "pong", w.Body.String())
+}
+```