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Manu Mtz-Almeida
2014-06-18 01:42:34 +02:00
commit 15216a0883
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277
README.md Normal file
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#Gin Web Framework
Gin is a web framework written in Golang. It features a martini-like API with much better performance, up to 40 times faster. If you need performance and good productivity, you will love Gin.
[Check out the official web site](http://gingonic.github.com)
## Start using it
Run:
```
go get github.com/gin-gonic/gin
```
Then import it in your Golang code:
```
import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
```
##API Examples
#### Create most basic PING/PONG HTTP endpoint
```
func main() {
// Creates a gin router + logger and recovery (crash-free) middlwares
r := gin.Default()
r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context){
c.String("pong")
})
r.POST("/somePost", posting)
r.PUT("/somePut", putting)
r.DELETE("/someDelete", deleting)
r.PATCH("/somePATCH", patching)
// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
```
#### Parameters in path
```
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
r.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {
name := c.Params.ByName("name")
message := "Hello "+name
c.String(200, message)
})
}
```
#### Grouping routes
```
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
// Simple group: v1
v1 := r.Group("/v1")
{
v1.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
v1.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
v1.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
}
// Simple group: v1
v2 := r.Group("/v2")
{
v2.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
v2.POST("/submit"", submitEndpoint)
v2.POST("/read"", readEndpoint)
}
// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
```
#### Blank Gin without middlewares by default
Use
```
r := gin.New()
```
instead of
```
r := gin.Default()
```
#### Using middlewares
```
func main() {
// Creates a router without any middlware by default
r := gin.New()
// Global middlwares
r.Use(gin.Logger())
r.Use(gin.Recovery())
// Per route middlwares, you can add as many as you desire.
r.GET("/benchmark", MyBenchLogger(), benchEndpoint)
// Authorization group
// authorized := r.Group("/", AuthRequired())
// exactly the same than:
authorized := r.Group("/")
// per group middlwares! in this case we use the custom created
// AuthRequired() middlware just in the "authorized" group.
authorized.Use(AuthRequired())
{
authorized.Use.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
authorized.Use.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
authorized.Use.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
// nested group
testing := authorized.Group("testing")
testing.GET("/analytics", analyticsEndpoint)
}
// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
```
#### JSON parsing and validation
```
type LoginJSON struct {
User string `json:"user" binding:"required"`
Password string `json:"password" binding:"required"`
}
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
r.POST("/login", func(c *gin.Context) {
var json LoginJSON
// If EnsureBody returns false, it will write automatically the error
// in the HTTP stream and return a 400 error. If you want custom error
// handling you should use: c.ParseBody(interface{}) error
if c.EnsureBody(&json) {
if json.User=="manu" && json.Password=="123" {
c.JSON(200, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
}else{
c.JSON(401, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
}
}
})
}
```
#### XML, and JSON rendering
```
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
// gin.H is a shortcup for map[string]interface{}
r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(200, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": 200})
})
r.GET("/moreJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
// You also can use a struct
var msg struct {
Message string
Status int
}
msg.Message = "hey"
msg.Status = 200
c.JSON(200, msg.Status)
})
r.GET("/someXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.XML(200, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": 200})
})
}
```
####HTML rendering
Using LoadHTMLTemplates()
```
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
r.LoadHTMLTemplates("templates/*")
r.GET("index", func(c *gin.Context) {
obj := gin.h{"title": "Main website"}
c.HTML(200, "templates/index.tmpl", obj)
})
}
```
You can also use your own html template render
```
import "html/template"
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
html := template.ParseFiles("file1", "file2")
r.HTMLTemplates = html
}
```
#### Custom Middlewares
```
func Logger() gin.HandlerFunc {
return func(c *gin.Context) {
t : time.Now()
// Set example variable
c.Set("example", "12345")
// before request
c.Next()
// after request
latency := time.Since(t)
log.Print(latency)
}
}
func main() {
r := gin.New()
r.Use(Logger())
r.GET("test", func(c *gin.Context){
example := r.Get("example").(string)
// it would print: "12345"
log.Println(example)
})
```
#### Custom HTTP configuration
Do not use the `Run()` method, instead use this:
```
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router)
}
```
or
```
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
s := &http.Server{
Addr: ":8080",
Handler: router,
ReadTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
MaxHeaderBytes: 1 << 20,
}
s.ListenAndServe()
}
```

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package gin
import (
"crypto/subtle"
"encoding/base64"
"errors"
"sort"
)
type (
BasicAuthPair struct {
Code string
User string
}
Account struct {
User string
Password string
}
Accounts []Account
Pairs []BasicAuthPair
)
func (a Pairs) Len() int { return len(a) }
func (a Pairs) Swap(i, j int) { a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] }
func (a Pairs) Less(i, j int) bool { return a[i].Code < a[j].Code }
func processCredentials(accounts Accounts) (Pairs, error) {
if len(accounts) == 0 {
return nil, errors.New("Empty list of authorized credentials.")
}
pairs := make(Pairs, 0, len(accounts))
for _, account := range accounts {
if len(account.User) == 0 || len(account.Password) == 0 {
return nil, errors.New("User or password is empty")
}
base := account.User + ":" + account.Password
code := "Basic " + base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(base))
pairs = append(pairs, BasicAuthPair{code, account.User})
}
// We have to sort the credentials in order to use bsearch later.
sort.Sort(pairs)
return pairs, nil
}
func searchCredential(pairs Pairs, auth string) string {
if len(auth) == 0 {
return ""
}
// Search user in the slice of allowed credentials
r := sort.Search(len(pairs), func(i int) bool { return pairs[i].Code >= auth })
if r < len(pairs) && subtle.ConstantTimeCompare([]byte(pairs[r].Code), []byte(auth)) == 1 {
// user is allowed, set UserId to key "user" in this context, the userId can be read later using
// c.Get("user"
return pairs[r].User
} else {
return ""
}
}
// Implements a basic Basic HTTP Authorization. It takes as argument a map[string]string where
// the key is the user name and the value is the password.
func BasicAuth(accounts Accounts) HandlerFunc {
pairs, err := processCredentials(accounts)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
return func(c *Context) {
// Search user in the slice of allowed credentials
user := searchCredential(pairs, c.Req.Header.Get("Authorization"))
if len(user) == 0 {
// Credentials doesn't match, we return 401 Unauthorized and abort request.
c.Writer.Header().Set("WWW-Authenticate", "Basic realm=\"Authorization Required\"")
c.Fail(401, errors.New("Unauthorized"))
} else {
// user is allowed, set UserId to key "user" in this context, the userId can be read later using
// c.Get("user")
c.Set("user", user)
}
}
}

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package main
import (
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
var DB = make(map[string]string)
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
// Ping test
r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.String(200, "pong")
})
// Get user value
r.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {
user := c.Params.ByName("name")
value, ok := DB[user]
if ok {
c.JSON(200, gin.H{"user": user, "value": value})
} else {
c.JSON(200, gin.H{"user": user, "status": "no value"})
}
})
// Authorized group (uses gin.BasicAuth() middleware)
// Same than:
// authorized := r.Group("/")
// authorized.Use(gin.BasicAuth(gin.Credentials{
// "foo": "bar",
// "manu": "123",
//}))
authorized := r.Group("/", gin.BasicAuth(gin.Accounts{
{"foo", "bar"}, //1. user:foo password:bar
{"manu", "123"}, //2. user:manu password:123
}))
authorized.POST("admin", func(c *gin.Context) {
user := c.Get("user").(string)
// Parse JSON
var json struct {
Value string `json:"value" binding:"required"`
}
if c.EnsureBody(&json) {
DB[user] = json.Value
c.JSON(200, gin.H{"status": "ok"})
}
})
// Listen and Server in 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8081")
}

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gin.go Normal file
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package gin
import (
"encoding/json"
"encoding/xml"
"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
"html/template"
"log"
"math"
"net/http"
"path"
)
const (
AbortIndex = math.MaxInt8 / 2
)
type (
HandlerFunc func(*Context)
H map[string]interface{}
// Used internally to collect a error ocurred during a http request.
ErrorMsg struct {
Message string `json:"msg"`
Meta interface{} `json:"meta"`
}
ResponseWriter interface {
http.ResponseWriter
Status() int
Written() bool
}
responseWriter struct {
http.ResponseWriter
status int
}
// Context is the most important part of gin. It allows us to pass variables between middleware,
// manage the flow, validate the JSON of a request and render a JSON response for example.
Context struct {
Req *http.Request
Writer ResponseWriter
Keys map[string]interface{}
Errors []ErrorMsg
Params httprouter.Params
handlers []HandlerFunc
engine *Engine
index int8
}
// Used internally to configure router, a RouterGroup is associated with a prefix
// and an array of handlers (middlewares)
RouterGroup struct {
Handlers []HandlerFunc
prefix string
parent *RouterGroup
engine *Engine
}
// Represents the web framework, it wrappers the blazing fast httprouter multiplexer and a list of global middlewares.
Engine struct {
*RouterGroup
handlers404 []HandlerFunc
router *httprouter.Router
HTMLTemplates *template.Template
}
)
func (rw *responseWriter) WriteHeader(s int) {
rw.ResponseWriter.WriteHeader(s)
rw.status = s
}
func (rw *responseWriter) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
return rw.ResponseWriter.Write(b)
}
func (rw *responseWriter) Status() int {
return rw.status
}
func (rw *responseWriter) Written() bool {
return rw.status != 0
}
// Returns a new blank Engine instance without any middleware attached.
// The most basic configuration
func New() *Engine {
engine := &Engine{}
engine.RouterGroup = &RouterGroup{nil, "/", nil, engine}
engine.router = httprouter.New()
engine.router.NotFound = engine.handle404
return engine
}
// Returns a Engine instance with the Logger and Recovery already attached.
func Default() *Engine {
engine := New()
engine.Use(Recovery(), Logger())
return engine
}
func (engine *Engine) LoadHTMLTemplates(pattern string) {
engine.HTMLTemplates = template.Must(template.ParseGlob(pattern))
}
// Adds handlers for NotFound. It return a 404 code by default.
func (engine *Engine) NotFound404(handlers ...HandlerFunc) {
engine.handlers404 = handlers
}
func (engine *Engine) handle404(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
handlers := engine.allHandlers(engine.handlers404)
c := engine.createContext(w, req, nil, handlers)
c.Next()
if !c.Writer.Written() {
http.NotFound(c.Writer, c.Req)
}
}
// ServeFiles serves files from the given file system root.
// The path must end with "/*filepath", files are then served from the local
// path /defined/root/dir/*filepath.
// For example if root is "/etc" and *filepath is "passwd", the local file
// "/etc/passwd" would be served.
// Internally a http.FileServer is used, therefore http.NotFound is used instead
// of the Router's NotFound handler.
// To use the operating system's file system implementation,
// use http.Dir:
// router.ServeFiles("/src/*filepath", http.Dir("/var/www"))
func (engine *Engine) ServeFiles(path string, root http.FileSystem) {
engine.router.ServeFiles(path, root)
}
// ServeHTTP makes the router implement the http.Handler interface.
func (engine *Engine) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
engine.router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
}
func (engine *Engine) Run(addr string) {
http.ListenAndServe(addr, engine)
}
/************************************/
/********** ROUTES GROUPING *********/
/************************************/
func (group *RouterGroup) createContext(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, params httprouter.Params, handlers []HandlerFunc) *Context {
return &Context{
Writer: &responseWriter{w, 0},
Req: req,
index: -1,
engine: group.engine,
Params: params,
handlers: handlers,
}
}
// Adds middlewares to the group, see example code in github.
func (group *RouterGroup) Use(middlewares ...HandlerFunc) {
group.Handlers = append(group.Handlers, middlewares...)
}
// Greates a new router group. You should create add all the routes that share that have common middlwares or same path prefix.
// For example, all the routes that use a common middlware for authorization could be grouped.
func (group *RouterGroup) Group(component string, handlers ...HandlerFunc) *RouterGroup {
prefix := path.Join(group.prefix, component)
return &RouterGroup{
Handlers: handlers,
parent: group,
prefix: prefix,
engine: group.engine,
}
}
// Handle registers a new request handle and middlewares with the given path and method.
// The last handler should be the real handler, the other ones should be middlewares that can and should be shared among different routes.
// See the example code in github.
//
// For GET, POST, PUT, PATCH and DELETE requests the respective shortcut
// functions can be used.
//
// This function is intended for bulk loading and to allow the usage of less
// frequently used, non-standardized or custom methods (e.g. for internal
// communication with a proxy).
func (group *RouterGroup) Handle(method, p string, handlers []HandlerFunc) {
p = path.Join(group.prefix, p)
handlers = group.allHandlers(handlers)
group.engine.router.Handle(method, p, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
group.createContext(w, req, params, handlers).Next()
})
}
// POST is a shortcut for router.Handle("POST", path, handle)
func (group *RouterGroup) POST(path string, handlers ...HandlerFunc) {
group.Handle("POST", path, handlers)
}
// GET is a shortcut for router.Handle("GET", path, handle)
func (group *RouterGroup) GET(path string, handlers ...HandlerFunc) {
group.Handle("GET", path, handlers)
}
// DELETE is a shortcut for router.Handle("DELETE", path, handle)
func (group *RouterGroup) DELETE(path string, handlers ...HandlerFunc) {
group.Handle("DELETE", path, handlers)
}
// PATCH is a shortcut for router.Handle("PATCH", path, handle)
func (group *RouterGroup) PATCH(path string, handlers ...HandlerFunc) {
group.Handle("PATCH", path, handlers)
}
// PUT is a shortcut for router.Handle("PUT", path, handle)
func (group *RouterGroup) PUT(path string, handlers ...HandlerFunc) {
group.Handle("PUT", path, handlers)
}
func (group *RouterGroup) allHandlers(handlers []HandlerFunc) []HandlerFunc {
local := append(group.Handlers, handlers...)
if group.parent != nil {
return group.parent.allHandlers(local)
} else {
return local
}
}
/************************************/
/****** FLOW AND ERROR MANAGEMENT****/
/************************************/
// Next should be used only in the middlewares.
// It executes the pending handlers in the chain inside the calling handler.
// See example in github.
func (c *Context) Next() {
c.index++
s := int8(len(c.handlers))
for ; c.index < s; c.index++ {
c.handlers[c.index](c)
}
}
// Forces the system to do not continue calling the pending handlers.
// For example, the first handler checks if the request is authorized. If it's not, context.Abort(401) should be called.
// The rest of pending handlers would never be called for that request.
func (c *Context) Abort(code int) {
c.Writer.WriteHeader(code)
c.index = AbortIndex
}
// Fail is the same than Abort plus an error message.
// Calling `context.Fail(500, err)` is equivalent to:
// ```
// context.Error("Operation aborted", err)
// context.Abort(500)
// ```
func (c *Context) Fail(code int, err error) {
c.Error(err, "Operation aborted")
c.Abort(code)
}
// Attachs an error to the current context. The error is pushed to a list of errors.
// It's a gooc idea to call Error for each error ocurred during the resolution of a request.
// A middleware can be used to collect all the errors and push them to a database together, print a log, or append it in the HTTP response.
func (c *Context) Error(err error, meta interface{}) {
c.Errors = append(c.Errors, ErrorMsg{
Message: err.Error(),
Meta: meta,
})
}
/************************************/
/******** METADATA MANAGEMENT********/
/************************************/
// Sets a new pair key/value just for the specefied context.
// It also lazy initializes the hashmap
func (c *Context) Set(key string, item interface{}) {
if c.Keys == nil {
c.Keys = make(map[string]interface{})
}
c.Keys[key] = item
}
// Returns the value for the given key.
// It panics if the value doesn't exist.
func (c *Context) Get(key string) interface{} {
var ok bool
var item interface{}
if c.Keys != nil {
item, ok = c.Keys[key]
} else {
item, ok = nil, false
}
if !ok || item == nil {
log.Panicf("Key %s doesn't exist", key)
}
return item
}
/************************************/
/******** ENCOGING MANAGEMENT********/
/************************************/
// Like ParseBody() but this method also writes a 400 error if the json is not valid.
func (c *Context) EnsureBody(item interface{}) bool {
if err := c.ParseBody(item); err != nil {
c.Fail(400, err)
return false
}
return true
}
// Parses the body content as a JSON input. It decodes the json payload into the struct specified as a pointer.
func (c *Context) ParseBody(item interface{}) error {
decoder := json.NewDecoder(c.Req.Body)
if err := decoder.Decode(&item); err == nil {
return Validate(c, item)
} else {
return err
}
}
// Serializes the given struct as a JSON into the response body in a fast and efficient way.
// It also sets the Content-Type as "application/json"
func (c *Context) JSON(code int, obj interface{}) {
c.Writer.WriteHeader(code)
c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
encoder := json.NewEncoder(c.Writer)
if err := encoder.Encode(obj); err != nil {
c.Error(err, obj)
http.Error(c.Writer, err.Error(), 500)
}
}
// Serializes the given struct as a XML into the response body in a fast and efficient way.
// It also sets the Content-Type as "application/xml"
func (c *Context) XML(code int, obj interface{}) {
c.Writer.WriteHeader(code)
c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/xml")
encoder := xml.NewEncoder(c.Writer)
if err := encoder.Encode(obj); err != nil {
c.Error(err, obj)
http.Error(c.Writer, err.Error(), 500)
}
}
// Renders the HTTP template specified by his file name.
// It also update the HTTP code and sets the Content-Type as "text/html".
// See http://golang.org/doc/articles/wiki/
func (c *Context) HTML(code int, name string, data interface{}) {
c.Writer.WriteHeader(code)
c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html")
if err := c.engine.HTMLTemplates.ExecuteTemplate(c.Writer, name, data); err != nil {
c.Error(err, map[string]interface{}{
"name": name,
"data": data,
})
http.Error(c.Writer, err.Error(), 500)
}
}
// Writes the given string into the response body and sets the Content-Type to "text/plain"
func (c *Context) String(code int, msg string) {
c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain")
c.Writer.WriteHeader(code)
c.Writer.Write([]byte(msg))
}
// Writes some data into the body stream and updates the HTTP code
func (c *Context) Data(code int, data []byte) {
c.Writer.WriteHeader(code)
c.Writer.Write(data)
}

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package gin
import (
"log"
"time"
)
func Logger() HandlerFunc {
return func(c *Context) {
// Start timer
t := time.Now()
// Process request
c.Next()
// Calculate resolution time
log.Printf("[%d] %s in %v", c.Writer.Status(), c.Req.RequestURI, time.Since(t))
}
}

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package gin
import (
"bytes"
"fmt"
"io/ioutil"
"log"
"net/http"
"runtime"
)
var (
dunno = []byte("???")
centerDot = []byte("·")
dot = []byte(".")
slash = []byte("/")
)
// stack returns a nicely formated stack frame, skipping skip frames
func stack(skip int) []byte {
buf := new(bytes.Buffer) // the returned data
// As we loop, we open files and read them. These variables record the currently
// loaded file.
var lines [][]byte
var lastFile string
for i := skip; ; i++ { // Skip the expected number of frames
pc, file, line, ok := runtime.Caller(i)
if !ok {
break
}
// Print this much at least. If we can't find the source, it won't show.
fmt.Fprintf(buf, "%s:%d (0x%x)\n", file, line, pc)
if file != lastFile {
data, err := ioutil.ReadFile(file)
if err != nil {
continue
}
lines = bytes.Split(data, []byte{'\n'})
lastFile = file
}
fmt.Fprintf(buf, "\t%s: %s\n", function(pc), source(lines, line))
}
return buf.Bytes()
}
// source returns a space-trimmed slice of the n'th line.
func source(lines [][]byte, n int) []byte {
n-- // in stack trace, lines are 1-indexed but our array is 0-indexed
if n < 0 || n >= len(lines) {
return dunno
}
return bytes.TrimSpace(lines[n])
}
// function returns, if possible, the name of the function containing the PC.
func function(pc uintptr) []byte {
fn := runtime.FuncForPC(pc)
if fn == nil {
return dunno
}
name := []byte(fn.Name())
// The name includes the path name to the package, which is unnecessary
// since the file name is already included. Plus, it has center dots.
// That is, we see
// runtime/debug.*T·ptrmethod
// and want
// *T.ptrmethod
// Also the package path might contains dot (e.g. code.google.com/...),
// so first eliminate the path prefix
if lastslash := bytes.LastIndex(name, slash); lastslash >= 0 {
name = name[lastslash+1:]
}
if period := bytes.Index(name, dot); period >= 0 {
name = name[period+1:]
}
name = bytes.Replace(name, centerDot, dot, -1)
return name
}
// Recovery returns a middleware that recovers from any panics and writes a 500 if there was one.
// While Martini is in development mode, Recovery will also output the panic as HTML.
func Recovery() HandlerFunc {
return func(c *Context) {
defer func() {
if len(c.Errors) > 0 {
log.Println(c.Errors)
}
if err := recover(); err != nil {
stack := stack(3)
log.Printf("PANIC: %s\n%s", err, stack)
c.Writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
}
}()
c.Next()
}
}

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package gin
import (
"errors"
"reflect"
"strings"
)
func (c *Context) ErrorRender() HandlerFunc {
return func(c *Context) {
defer func() {
if len(c.Errors) > 0 {
c.JSON(-1, c.Errors)
}
}()
c.Next()
}
}
func Validate(c *Context, obj interface{}) error {
var err error
typ := reflect.TypeOf(obj)
val := reflect.ValueOf(obj)
if typ.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
typ = typ.Elem()
val = val.Elem()
}
for i := 0; i < typ.NumField(); i++ {
field := typ.Field(i)
fieldValue := val.Field(i).Interface()
zero := reflect.Zero(field.Type).Interface()
// Validate nested and embedded structs (if pointer, only do so if not nil)
if field.Type.Kind() == reflect.Struct ||
(field.Type.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && !reflect.DeepEqual(zero, fieldValue)) {
err = Validate(c, fieldValue)
}
if strings.Index(field.Tag.Get("binding"), "required") > -1 {
if reflect.DeepEqual(zero, fieldValue) {
name := field.Name
if j := field.Tag.Get("json"); j != "" {
name = j
} else if f := field.Tag.Get("form"); f != "" {
name = f
}
err = errors.New("Required " + name)
c.Error(err, "json validation")
}
}
}
return err
}